Table 2 Description of studies included in review

Liu 2006

China [29]

-Three males of 48(case 1), 18 (case 2) and 20 years (case 3) old with confirmed SARS-CoV

-case series

PTB

SARS-CoV

N/A

Corticosteroids

mechanical ventilation

Anti TB drugs

PTB diagnosed while case 1 was in the hospital. Case 2 and 3 were known TB on treatment.

Two patients developed mild SARS-CoV and one developed severe stage.

All of them recovered form SARS-CoV and continue anti-TB drugs

N/A

Low 2004

Singapore [30]

-Two males of 54 and 39 years old with confirmed SARS-CoV

-Case series

PTB

SARS-CoV

N/A

intravenous immunoglobulin

short course of high-dose corticosteroids

Anti TB drugs

PTB developed after four and 2 months prior to SARS-CoV.

Both of them developed severe SARS-CoV

Both of the cases recovered from SARS-CoV

N/A

Wong 2004

Hong Kong [31]

-30 years old male with confirmed SARS-CoV and HIV on ART

-Case report

HIV

Latent TB

SARS-CoV

N/A

Abacavir 300 mg Efavirenz 600 mg Kaletra Tenofovir 300 mg

Ribavirin 1200 mg prednisolone 25 mg

Diagnosed with PTB during hospitalization

Mild course SARS

The case recovered from SARS-CoV

N/A

Alfaraj 2017

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [32]

−13-year-old girl and A 30-year-old female with confirmed MERS-CoV

-Case series

PTB

MERS-CoV

N/A

intensive care admission

Anti TB drugs

Both patients initially had TB before MERS-CoV

The 13 years old had severe MERS-CoV. However, the disease severity was moderate with the 30 years old.

Both of the cases recovered from MERS-CoV

N/A

Singh 2020

India [33]

76-year- old female with confirmed COVID-19

Case study

PTB

COVID-19

N/A

hydroxychloroquine 400 mg twice daily in addition to antibiotics.

Anti TB drugs

Diagnosed with TB during admission

Mild to moderate COVID-19

The patient recovered from COVID-19

N/A

He 2020

China [34]

All three patients were males with 26, 67 and 76 years

-Case series

Previous TB PTB

COVID-19

N/A

Lopinavir + Ritonavir

Arbidol

Methyl prednisolone

Antibiotics

Traditional Chinese medicine

Intravenous immunoglobulin

Ventilatory support

Antituberculosis

Past medical history of TB years ago for all the three patients

All of them had severe type of COVID-19

10 days after onset for the first symptom

All of the three cases recovered from COVID-19

N/A

Cutler 2020

USA [35]

61-year-old male with confirmed COVID-19 and history of Parkinson’s disease.

Case study

PTB

COVID-19

N/A

Hydroxychloroquine

Oxygen supplementation

Anti-TB drugs

TB diagnosed in hospitalization

Critical COVID-19 stage

Recovered for COVID-19

N/A

Çınar 2020

Turkey [36]

55-year-old male with a history of myelodysplastic

Syndrome, immunocompromised, kidney failure and confirmed with COVID-19

Case study

Disseminated TB

COVID-19

N/A

COVID-19 convalescent plasma

Favipiravir

meropenem

Ventilatory support

Anti-TB drugs

TB diagnosed in hospitalization

Critical COVID-19 stage

Recovered for COVID-19

N/A

Faqihi 2020

Saudi Arabia [37]

60 year-old male, hypertensive and diabetic, with confirmed COVID-19

Case study

PTB

COVID-19

N/A

Lopinavir/ritonavir Ribavirin Dexamethasone Prophylactic anticoagulation Supportive ICU care

Anti-TB drugs

Previous TB history

Critical COVID-19 stage

Recovered for COVID-19 after 20 days

N/A

Liu 2020a

China [38]

48 year-old, 26-year-old and 46-year-old males with confirmed COVID-19/TB co-infection

Case series

PTB

COVID-19

N/A

Arbidol

Moxifloxacin

Linezolid

immunomodulatory therapy with thymopentin

Ventilatory support

Anti-TB drugs

The first and the last case had LTBI and the second was a previous MDR-TB

All of them developed severe/critical COVID-19 courses

All of them recovered from COVID-19 with the range of 9 to 14 days

N/A

Tham 2020

Singapore [39]

32-year-old, 33-year-old, 22-year old and 40-year old males COVID-19/TB co-infected patients

Case series

PTB

COVID-19

N/A

COVID-19 antiviral drugs

Anti-TB drugs

N/A

N/A

All of them recovered.

N/A

Stochino 2020

Italy [40]

20 confirmed cases of COVID-19/TB co-infection. Among them, one case was also HIV-infected. The median age was 39 years

Case series

PTB

Disseminated TB

COVID-19

N/A

Hydroxychloroquine.

Ventilatory support

Anti-TB drugs

N/A

7 out of 20 developed severe/critical COVID-19

13 out of 20 developed mild/moderate COVID-19

Average of 32 [range 14–57] days

19 out of 20 patients recovered.

1 patient died.

Chen 2020

China [28]

Only four cases of COVID-19/TB co-infection were included in a cohort of 203 confirmed COVID-19 cases.

Case series

PTB

COVID-19

Survivors vs deceased

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

1 case out of 4 died.

Du 2020

China [41]

8 confirmed cases of COVID-19/TB

prospective cohort study

PTB

COVID-19

Survivors vs deceased

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

COVID-19/TB: 0/8

COVID-19: 21/171

Davies 2020

South Africa [42]

3978 COVID-19/HIV co-infected patients

18,330 COVID-19 infected patients, public sector patients aged ≥20 years.

Population prospective cohort study

Previous TB status

Latent TB

HIV

COVID-19

COVID-19/HIV/TB vs COVID-19/TB

Antiretroviral therapy

Anti-TB

COVID-19 antiviral therapies

COVID-19/HIV/TB current TB: 172/3863

Previous TB: 864/3863

COVID-19/TB

current TB: 145/ 17,820

Previous TB: 10/510

N/A

COVID-19/HIV/TB: 1039/1094

COVID-19: 2827/2884

COVID-19/TB: 979/1034

COVID-19: 16841/17296

COVID-19/HIV/TB

Current TB: 16/172

Previous TB: 42/864

COVID-19/TB

Current TB: 10/145

Previous TB: 45/834

COVID-19/HIV/TB: 58/1034

COVID-19/HIV: 57/2884

COVID-19/TB: 55/1034

COVID-19: 455/17296

Karla 2020

Philipines [43]

The matched sample 4510 consisted of COVID-19 patients, of which 113 had confirmed TB. The mean age of the total sample was 48.9 years

Longitudinal matched cohort analysis

Confirmed TB, which was defined as a history of or a current diagnosis of TB.

COVID-19/TB co-infection vs COVID-19/no TB

N/A

N/A

Admitted in the hospital

COVID-19/TB: 67/106

COVID-19: 236/424

COVID-19/TB

Recovered: 57 /106

COVID-19

Recovered: 302/424

COVID-19/TB

Died: 25 /106

COVID-19 Died: 46/ 424

Liu 2020

China [38]

−36 confirmed COVID-19 cases

Among which 13 were IGRA+ve to TB, mean age: 47 years

Case-control study

Previous TB status

Latent TB

COVID-19

Case series study of 115 bacterial and 62 other viral pneumonia. Controls selected in the same setting.

N/A

Previous TB: 8/13

Current TB: 3/13

Severity:

Mild/Moderate:

0/27

Severe/Critical: 3/9

-severe/critical COVID-19: 3.4 days after initial symptom development.

N/A

N/A

Li 2020

China [2]

A total of 549 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. The median age of study population was 60 years.

Retrospective study

PTB

COVID-19

Non-Severe vs severe COVID-19

N/A

N/A

Severe: 4/269

Not severe: 5/ 279

N/A

N/A

Zhang 2020

China [44]

−140 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 2 of whom had secondary PTB

-Retrospective study

PTB

COVID-19

Non-severe vs Severe COVID-19

N/A

N/A

Severity COVID-19/TB Severe: 2/58

Not severe: 0/82

N/A

N/A

Zhang 2020b

China [44]

1350 confirmed cases of COVID-19 among which 8 were COVID-19/TB co-infected cases.

Age (44.1 ± 17.9) years

Retrospective cohort study

PTB

COVID-19

Non-severe vs Severe COVID-19

N/A

N/A

Severe: 3/229

Not severe: 2/1121

N/A

N/A

Motta 2020

Italy, Belgium, Brazil, France, Russia, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland [47]

- 49 confirmed TB and COVID-19 cases, median age 70 years

Retrospective cohort study

Previous TB status

Latent TB

COVID-19

One patient with HIV

20 confirmed COVID-19/TB cases

Retrospective cohort study (Cohort B)

Hydroxychloroquine

Lopinavir/ ritonavir

Azythromycin

Empiric antibiotic

Enoxaparine 4000 IU

Dexamethasone

Oxygen through non-rebreather, 15lt/min

Anti TB drugs

−3 with previous TB diagnosed

−8 (simultaneous diagnosis of COVID-10 and TB

−11 had COVID-19 diagnosed between 7 and 75 days) after the TB diagnosis

−5 patients had severe COVID-19

− 8 patients developed critical COVID-19

-Critical COVID-19: median of 9 (range 6–14) days after

COVID-19 diagnosis

60 cases recovered from COVID-19/TB co-infection the both cohorts.

9 out of 69 died from COVID-19/TB co-infection