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Table 1 Characteristics of Medicare patients with a CDI-related stay by ADI national percentile

From: Neighborhood disadvantage and 30-day readmission risk following Clostridioides difficile infection hospitalization

Variable

ADI National percentile < 85 (n = 17,094)

ADI National percentile ≥ 85 (n = 2396)

Patients

 Age

  Mean Age at Discharge (SD), y

75.64 (12.83)

71.79 (13.90)

  18–65 y

16%

26%

  65+ y

84%

74%

 Sex

  Male

39%

39%

  Female

61%

61%

 Race

  White

83%

58%

  Black

10%

28%

  Other/Unknown

8%

14%

 Medicaid Enrollment

  Not Medicaid Enrolled

74%

51%

  Medicaid Enrolled

26%

49%

 Disability

  Not disabled

72%

57%

  Disabled

28%

43%

 Patient RUCA

  Urban core

73%

65%

  Suburban

9%

6%

  Large rural

10%

14%

  Small rural

8%

15%

 Elixhauser Comorbidities

  Hypertension

79%

84%

  Fluid and electrolyte disorders

59%

65%

  Deficiency anemia

52%

58%

  Diabetes (without chronic complications)

37%

46%

  Renal failure

36%

42%

  Chronic pulmonary disease

34%

42%

  Congestive heart failure

30%

36%

  Depression

26%

29%

  Other neurological conditions

25%

28%

  Hypothyroidism

25%

23%

  Peripheral vascular disease

22%

26%

  Weight loss

20%

25%

  Obesity

17%

21%

  Diabetes (with chronic complications)

17%

24%

  Valvular disease

15%

14%

  Metastatic cancer

5%

4%

  Alcohol abuse

4%

6%

  Drug abuse

4%

6%

  Chronic blood loss anemia

4%

5%

  Lymphoma

3%

3%

 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

1%

2%

  Pulmonary circulation disease

10%

11%

 Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular disease

8%

9%

  Paralysis

8%

10%

  Liver disease

7%

9%

  Solid tumor without metastasis

14%

11%

  Psychoses

11%

14%

  Coagulopathy

14%

15%

Index Stay

 Length of Stay

  Mean Hospital length of stay (SD), days

9.68 (9.60)

10.38 (11.80)

    ≤ 2 days

8%

7%

   3–4 days

21%

18%

   5–6 days

18%

18%

   7+ days

53%

56%

 SNF Discharge

  Discharged to SNF

37%

33%

  Not discharged to SNF

63%

67%

Index Hospital

 Medical School Affiliation

  Hospital affiliated with medical school

50%

56%

  Minor medical school affiliated

27%

30%

  Major medical school affiliated

23%

26%

 Hospital Type

  Non-profit hospital

75%

68%

  For profit hospital

13%

17%

  Government hospital

12%

15%

 Discharge

  Hospital discharge volume in 2014 (SD)

6463.18 (4791.26)

6554.34 (4968.94)

  Hospital discharge volume: lowest tertile

8%

10%

  Hospital discharge volume: middle tertile

23%

21%

  Hospital discharge volume: highest tertile

69%

69%

Outcome

 Rate of 30-day readmission

21%

26%

 Rate of 30-day death

13%

13%

  1. ADI Area Deprivation Index
  2. LOS Length of Stay
  3. RUCA Rural -Urban Commuting Area
  4. SNF skilled nursing facility