Table 2 Baseline characteristics of enrolled patients with COVID-19 divided into severe and non-severe cases
From: A novel optical biosensor for the early diagnosis of sepsis and severe Covid-19: the PROUD study
|  | Severe (n = 12) | Non-severe (n = 26) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years, mean ± SD) | 68.1 ± 11.2 | 63.2 ± 18.5 | 0.405 |
Male gender, n (%) | 8 (33.3) | 16 (66.7) | 1.00 |
APACHE II score (mean ± SD) | 10.1 ± 3.6 | 8.2 ± 5.8 | 0.297 |
SOFA score (mean ± SD) | 3.6 ± 1.4 | 1.5 ± 1.8 | 0.001 |
CCI score (mean ± SD) | 3.2 ± 2 | 3.4 ± 2.7 | 0.804 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
 Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 4 (44.4) | 5 (55.6) | 0.423 |
 Chronic heart failure | 0 | 4 (100) | 0.287 |
 Chronic renal disease | 0 | 5 (100) | 0.158 |
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 2 (28.6) | 5 (71.4) | 1.00 |
 Solid malignancy | 2 (40) | 3 (60) | 0.643 |
 Chemotherapy | 2 (40) | 3 (60) | 0.643 |
 Dementia | 1 (25) | 3 (75) | 1.00 |
 Atrial fibrillation | 0 | 3 (100) | 0.538 |
 Residency in long-term healthcare facility | 0 | 3 (100) | 0.538 |
 Previous intake of antibiotics | 2 (12.5) | 14 (87.5) | 0.040 |
White blood cells (/mm3, mean ± SD) | 9334 ± 2498 | 6194 ± 3578 | 0.010 |
Platelets (×  103 /mm3, mean ± SD) | 252 ± 116 | 282 ± 140 | 0.530 |
INR (mean ± SD) | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.776 |
Creatinine (mg/dl, mean ± SD) | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 1.9 | 0.216 |
CRP (mg/l, median ± IQR) | 63.8 ± 133.5 | 26.5 ± 41.6 | 0.006 |
PCT (ng/ml, median ± IQR) | 0.1 ± 0.7 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.814 |
pO2/FiO2 (mean ± SD) | 211.7 ± 85.1 | 389.3 ± 98.6 | < 0.001 |