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Table 5 Univariate and multivariate analyses to detect factors associated with TB infection

From: Prevalence and determinants of TB infection in a rural population in northeastern Myanmar

Characteristics

Yes

No

OR

95% CI

p-value

AOR

95% CI

p-value

n

%

n

%

Age (years)

 18–24

10

16.4

51

83.6

0.45

0.16–1.23

0.121

   

 24–34

14

17.1

68

82.9

0.47

0.18–1.21

0.119

   

 35–44

14

23.0

47

77.0

0.68

0.26–1.77

0.436

   

 45–54

15

22.7

51

77.3

0.67

0.26–1.73

0.415

   

  ≥ 55

10

30.3

23

69.7

1.00

     

Sex

 Male

32

29.9

75

70.1

2.27

1.29–3.99

0.004*

2.51

1.32–4.76

0.005*

 Female

31

15.8

165

84.2

1.00

  

1.00

  

BMI (kg/m2)

 Underweight (< 18.5)

11

21.6

40

78.4

0.75

0.20–2.84

0.679

   

 Normal (18.5–24.9)

33

19.1

140

80.9

0.64

0.19–2.16

0.481

   

 Overweight (25–29.9)

15

23.4

49

76.6

0.84

0.23–3.03

0.792

   

 Obese (≥30.0)

4

26.7

11

73.3

1.00

     

Religion

 Buddhist

19

15.8

101

84.2

0.30

0.08–1.02

0.054

   

 Christian

39

22.9

131

77.1

0.48

0.14–1.54

0.215

   

 Other

5

38.5

8

61.5

1.00

     

Ethnicity

 Burmese

11

14.3

66

85.7

1.66

0.19–14.34

0.642

   

 Shan

8

17.8

37

82.2

2.16

0.24–19.37

0.491

   

 Ahka

23

28.4

58

71.6

3.96

0.48–32.76

0.201

   

 Lahu

20

22.5

69

77.5

2.89

0.35–24.02

0.324

   

 Other

1

9.1

10

90.9

1.00

     

Marital status

 Single

10

12.7

69

87.3

1.00

  

1.00

  

 Married

45

22.6

154

77.4

2.01

0.96–4.23

0.064

1.82

0.77–4.29

0.167

 Ever married

8

32.0

17

68.0

3.24

1.11–9.47

0.031*

3.93

1.18–13.00

0.025*

Education

 Illiterate

34

27.0

92

73.0

2.41

1.14–5.10

0.020*

   

 Primary school

6

25.0

18

75.0

2.18

0.71–6.69

0.172

   

 Secondary school

5

15.1

28

84.9

1.16

0.37–3.66

0.789

   

 High school

7

18.9

30

81.1

1.52

0.54–4.31

0.424

   

 University

11

13.3

72

86.7

1.00

     

Occupation

 Unemployed

12

18.2

54

81.8

1.00

     

 Unskilled labor

9

20.4

35

79.6

1.15

0.44–3.03

0.766

   

 Private employer

1

5.0

19

95.0

0.23

0.02–1.94

0.180

   

 Government staff

14

17.3

67

82.7

0.94

0.40–2.20

0.887

   

 Own business

27

29.4

65

70.6

1.86

0.86–4.03

0.111

   

Family income (kyat)

  ≤ 100,000

33

26.0

94

74.0

1.05

0.31–3.49

0.932

   

 100,001-200,000

21

18.1

95

81.9

0.66

0.19–2.26

0.512

   

 200,001-400,000

5

11.4

39

88.6

0.46

0.10–2.04

0.313

   

  > 400,000

4

25.0

12

75.0

1.00

     

Number of family members (persons)

  ≤ 5

40

19.7

163

80.3

1.71

0.20–14.36

0.618

   

 6–10

22

23.9

70

76.1

2.20

0.25–18.38

0.472

   

  > 10

1

12.5

7

87.5

1.00

     

History of BCG vaccination

 No

29

21.8

104

78.2

1.12

0.64–1.95

0.701

   

 Yes

34

20.0

136

80.0

1.00

     

Family member(s) with history of TB disease

 Yes

34

29.3

82

70.7

2.25

1.28–3.96

0.005*

   

 No

29

15.5

158

84.5

1.00

     

HIV/AIDS testing

 Yes

17

20.2

67

79.8

0.95

0.51–1.78

0.883

   

 No

46

21.0

173

79.0

1.00

     

Diabetes mellitus

 Yes

3

25.0

9

75.0

1.28

0.33–4.88

0.715

   

 No

60

20.6

231

79.4

1.00

     

Smoking

 Yes

14

34.2

27

65.8

2.30

1.11–4.77

0.024*

   

 Quit

7

21.2

26

78.8

1.19

0.48–2.94

0.693

   

 No

42

18.3

187

81.7

1.00

     

Number of cigarettes smoked per day (piece)

 0–10

10

20.4

39

79.6

1.00

     

  > 10

11

44.0

14

56.0

3.06

1.07–8.77

0.037*

   

Alcohol use

 Yes

8

19.0

34

81.0

0.88

0.38–2.01

0.764

   

 No

55

21.1

206

78.9

1.00

     

Heroin use

 Yes

5

50.0

5

50.0

4.05

1.13–14.46

0.031*

   

 No

58

19.8

235

80.2

1.00

     

Amphetamine use

 Yes

8

44.4

10

55.6

3.34

1.26–8.87

0.015*

   

 No

55

19.3

230

80.7

1.00

     

Opium use

 Yes

4

50.0

4

50.0

4.00

0.97–16.46

0.055

   

 No

59

20.0

236

80.0

1.00

     

Main source of energy for cooking

 Electric

4

6.1

62

93.9

1.00

     

 Gas

1

7.1

13

92.9

1.19

0.12–11.55

0.879

0.73

0.07–10.82

0.900

 Wood and charcoal

58

26.0

165

74.0

3.15

1.89–15.63

0.001*

4.23

1.25–9.64

0.025*

Indoor cooking practice

 No

12

17.6

56

82.4

1.00

     

 Yes

51

21.7

184

78.3

1.29

0.64–2.59

0.469

   

Distance to health center (miles)

  ≤ 5

57

19.4

237

80.6

1.00

     

  > 5

6

66.7

3

33.3

8.31

2.01–34.25

0.003*

   

Language barrier during accessing health care services

 Yes

23

30.7

52

69.3

2.07

1.14–3.78

0.016*

   

 No

40

17.5

188

82.5

1.00

     

Knowledge on TB prevention and care

 Low

51

27.1

137

72.9

3.19

1.62–6.30

0.001*

4.49

1.88–10.72

0.001*

 High

12

10.4

103

89.6

1.00

  

1.00

  

Attitude on TB prevention and care

 Negative

48

22.2

168

77.8

1.37

0.72–2.60

0.335

   

 Positive

15

17.2

72

82.8

1.00

     
  1. *Significant level at α = 0.05
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BMC Infectious Diseases

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