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Table 1 Association between LLV characteristics and virologic failure in the linear mixed-effect model and the Cox proportional hazards model (N = 2155)

From: Factors associated with high-risk low-level viremia leading to virologic failure: 16-year retrospective study of a Chinese antiretroviral therapy cohort

LLV groupa

Case Number

Cox proportional hazards model

Linear mixed-effect model

HR (95%CI)

p-value

Estimate (95%CI)

p-value

<  50 (copies/ml)

1320

1(reference)

 

0(reference)

 

50–200 (copies/ml)

435

0.72(0.31–1.68)

0.453

0.00(− 0.02–0.02)

0.819

blipb

318

0.68(0.26–1.80)

0.438

0.00(− 0.02–0.01)

0.765

3–6 (months)c

47

1.58(0.37–6.80)

0.541

0.02(−0.01–0.06)

0.213

6–12 (months)d

53

1.02(1.01–1.03)

0.975

−0.02(− 0.05–0.02)

0.325

>  12 (months)e

17

1.02(1.01–1.03)

0.986

−0.02(− 0.08–0.04)

0.572

200–400 (copies/ml)

150

1.90(0.81–4.43)

0.139

0.03(0.00–0.06)

0.045

blipb

108

1.91(0.72–5.06)

0.196

0.03(0.00–0.06)

0.051

3–6 (months)c

14

1.02(1.01–1.03)

0.979

−0.02(−0.10–0.06)

0.637

6–12 (months)d

17

2.12(0.28–15.99)

0.468

0.04(−0.03–0.11)

0.246

>  12 (months)e

11

3.43(0.46–25.54)

0.229

0.07(−0.01–0.16)

0.094

400–1000 (copies/ml)

119

5.93(3.13–11.23)

0.000

0.12(0.09–0.15)

0.000

blipb

78

4.41(1.96–9.92)

0.000

0.08(0.05–0.12)

0.000

3–6 (months)c

18

6.59(1.94–22.34)

0.002

0.15(0.07–0.22)

0.000

6–12 (months)d

14

5.19(1.22–22.18)

0.026

0.12(0.04–0.21)

0.004

>  12 (months)e

9

9.63(2.82–32.95)

0.000

0.32(0.21–0.42)

0.000

HLB > 1000 (copies/ml)

131

2.84(1.27–6.34)

0.011

0.04(0.01–0.07)

0.005

blipb

98

0.97(0.23–4.09)

0.961

0.00(−0.03–0.03)

0.883

3–6 (months)c

16

6.20(1.46–26.27)

0.013

0.11(0.04–0.19)

0.003

6–12 (months)d

11

9.74(2.82–33.66)

0.000

0.25(0.17–0.34)

0.000

>  12 (months)e

6

7.52(1.01–55.84)

0.049

0.15(0.03–0.27)

0.012

  1. a: LLV group is defined according to the Zenith VL during ART, subgroup is further divided according to the duration of LLV at any level between 50 and 1000 copies/ml. b: single viral blip, c: pLLV lasts 3 months, d: pLLV lasts 6 months, e: pLLV lasts more than 12 months. VL viral load, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, HLB high level blip. The bold data in the table shows the subgroup with increased risk of the subsequent VF, which we defined as high-risk LLV