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Table 2 Factors associated with high risk LLV

From: Factors associated with high-risk low-level viremia leading to virologic failure: 16-year retrospective study of a Chinese antiretroviral therapy cohort

Characteristics

Case Number

High risk LLV case number (%)

p-value

Unadjusted analysis

Adjusted analysis

OR(95%CI)

p-value

aOR(95%CI)

p-Value

Gender

 Male

2001

142(7.10)

0.957

1.00(reference)

   

 Female

125

8(6.40)

 

1.03(0.24–4.38)

0.967

  

 NA

29

2(6.90)

 

0.92(0.19–4.60)

0.922

  

Age at HIV diagnosis

 ≤ 50 (years)

1618

110(6.80)

0.607

1.00(reference)

   

 >  50 (years)

500

40(8.00)

 

0.78(0.19–3.30)

0.739

  

 NA

37

2(5.41)

 

1.19(0.82–1.74)

0.361

  

Nation

 Han

1840

123(6.68)

0.017

1.00(reference)

 

1.00(reference)

 

 Manchu

195

24(12.31)

 

1.96(1.23–3.12)

0.005

2.03(1.27–3.25)

0.003

 Others

82

3(3.66)

 

0.53(0.17–1.70)

0.287

0.55(0.17–1.76)

0.310

 NA

38

2(5.26)

 

0.78(0.19–3.26)

0.729

0.60(0.10–3.64)

0.579

Duration on ART

 12–36(months)

954

57(5.97)

0.004

1.00(reference)

 

1.00(reference)

 

 36–60(months)

674

41(6.08)

 

1.02(0.67–1.54)

0.928

1.02(0.67–1.54)

0.925

 >  60(months)

527

54(10.25)

 

1.80(1.22–2.65)

0.003

1.81(1.21–2.69)

0.004

ART regimen

 TDF + 3TC + EFV

1477

84(5.69)

< 0.001

1.00(reference)

 

1.00(reference)

 

 AZT + 3TC + EFV

276

20(7.25)

 

1.30(0.78–2.15)

0.315

1.31(0.79–2.18)

0.301

 AZT + 3TC + NVP

294

35(11.90)

 

2.24(1.48–3.40)

< 0.001

2.26(1.48–3.45)

< 0.001

 D4T + 3TC + EFV

41

5(12.20)

 

2.30(0.88–6.02)

0.089

2.38(0.90–6.33)

0.082

 D4T + 3TC + NVP

59

5(8.47)

 

1.54(0.60–3.94)

0.372

1.56(0.61–4.04)

0.355

 DDI + a NRTI +a NNRTI

8

3(37.50)

 

9.95(2.34–42.34)

0.002

9.96(2.33–42.49)

0.002

Transmission route

 Sexual

1965

132(6.72)

0.133

1.00(reference)

 

1.00(reference)

 

 Others

24

2(8.33)

 

1.26(0.29–5.43)

0.754

1.31(0.30–5.67)

0.715

 NA

166

18(10.84)

 

1.69(1.00–2.84)

0.048

1.84(1.05–3.23)

0.034

HIV-1 subtype

 B

130

7(5.38)

0.001

1.00(reference)

 

1.00(reference)

 

 B′

20

6(30.00)

 

7.53(2.22–25.57)

0.001

8.22(2.34–28.92)

0.001

 CRF01_AE

1403

99(7.06)

 

1.33(0.61–2.94)

0.474

1.32(0.60–2.90)

0.495

 CRF07_BC

213

19(8.92)

 

1.72(0.70–4.21)

0.235

1.73(0.71–4.23)

0.232

 Others

95

4(4.21)

 

0.77(0.22–2.72)

0.687

0.77(0.22–2.73)

0.690

 Na

294

17(5.78)

 

1.08(0.44–2.67)

0.870

1.09(0.44–2.71)

0.849

Zenith baseline VL

 <  4 (log10 copies/ml)

535

30(5.61)

0.006

1.00(reference)

 

1.00(reference)

 

 4–5 (log10 copies/ml)

1096

72(6.57)

 

1.18(0.76–1.84)

0.452

1.18(0.76–1.83)

0.469

 5–6 (log10 copies/ml)

472

41(8.69)

 

1.60(0.98–2.61)

0.059

1.58(0.96–2.58)

0.070

 >  6 (log10 copies/ml)

52

9(17.31)

 

3.52(1.57–7.90)

0.002

3.49(1.55–7.83)

0.002

Nadir baseline CD4+ cell counts

 >  350 (cells/ml)

665

34(5.11)

0.058

1.00(reference)

 

1.00(reference)

 

 200–350 (cells/mm3)

805

57(7.08)

 

1.41(0.91–2.19)

0.121

1.41(0.91–2.19)

0.123

 <  200 (cells/mm3)

634

56(8.83)

 

1.80(1.16–2.79)

0.009

1.78(1.14–2.78)

0.011

 NA

51

5(9.80)

 

2.02(0.75–5.40)

0.163

2.03(0.76–5.43)

0.160

  1. Adjusted for gender and age
  2. LLV low level viremia, participants with VL results range of > 50 copies per ml but not defined as virologic failure, OR odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, NA Not available, ART antiretroviral therapy, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, TDF Tenofovir, 3TC Lamivudine, EFV Efavirenz, AZT Zidovudine, NVP Nevirapine, D4T Stavudine, DDI didanosine, NRTIs nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors, NNRTIs nonnucleotide Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors