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Table 1 Characteristics of pulmonary TB cases stratified according to DM status in Lima, Peru, 2017

From: Severe pulmonary radiological manifestations are associated with a distinct biochemical profile in blood of tuberculosis patients with dysglycemia

Characteristics

DM

n = 18

PDM

n = 41

Normoglycemia

n = 73

p-value

Age (years)-median (IQR)

46.15 (36.64–58.28)

40 (26.67–53.89)

25.83 (21.05–30.92)

< 0.01

Sex

   

0.42

Male

8 (44.4)

28 (68.3)

45 (61.6)

 

Female

10 (55.6)

13 (31.7)

28 (38.4)

 

Education

   

< 0.01

Elementary and secondary school

17 (94.4)

36 (87.8)

45 (61.6)

 

Higher education

1 (5.6)

5 (12.2)

28 (38.4)

 

Prior TB

12 (66.7)

2 (4.9)

2 (2.7)

< 0.01

BCG vaccination

16 (88.9)

37 (92.5)

69 (94.5)

0.40

Smoking

4 (22.2)

9 (22.5)

15 (20.5)

0.82

Smoker at home

2 (11.1)

4 (10)

5 (6.8)

0.48

Cannabis use

1 (5.6)

6 (15)

13 (17.8)

0.23

Illicit drug use

1 (5.6)

7 (17.5)

8 (11)

0.92

Alcohol use

3 (16.7)

27 (67.5)

37 (50.7)

0.16

Hypertension

3 (16.7)

4 (10)

0 (0)

< 0.01

Asthma

0 (0)

3 (7.5)

4 (5.5)

0.57

Renal disease

1 (5.6)

0 (0)

1 (1.4)

0.41

Slow scarring

3 (16.7)

9 (22.5)

7 (9.6)

0.17

Metformin use

6 (33.3)

1 (2.7)

0 (0)

< 0.01

BMI (kg/m2)-median (IQR)

22.43 (21.41–26.36)

23.39 (21.53–25.04)

22.31 (20.25–25.39)

0.74

Waist circumference (cm) -median (IQR)

84 (80–89)

84 (77–90)

80 (74–86)

0.04

Hemoglobin (g/dL) -median (IQR)

10.55 (9.9–11.2)

11.8 (10.35–13.1)

12.6 (11.25–13.4)

< 0.01

FPG (mg /dL) -median (IQR)

259.55 (155.3–311.6)

100.4 (95.3–103.7)

89.9 (85.7–94.5)

< 0.01

HbA1c (%)- median (IQR)

11 (9.1–13.5)

5.3 (5–5.65)

5 (4.7–5.2)

< 0.01

OGTT (mg/dL) -median (IQR)

119.5 (119.5–119.5)

128.45 (110.3–157.05)

105 (83.3–122)

< 0.01

AFB smear

   

0.01

Negative

5 (27.8)

14 (34.1)

38 (52.8)

 

1+

3 (16.7)

9 (22)

15 (20.8)

 

2+

3 (16.7)

5 (12.2)

6 (8.3)

 

3+

6 (33.3)

11 (26.8)

11 (15.3)

 

Scanty

1 (5.6)

2 (4.9)

2 (2.8)

 

L-J culture

   

1.00

Negative

4 (22.2)

8 (20.5)

24 (34.3)

 

1+

11 (61.1)

18 (46.2)

32 (45.7)

 

2+

2 (11.1)

4 (10.3)

3 (4.3)

 

3+

0 (0)

4 (10.3)

3 (4.3)

 

colonies

1 (5.6)

5 (12.8)

8 (11.4)

 

BD MGIT™ 960 System

   

0.49

Positive

8 (80)

22 (81.5)

34 (87.2)

 

Negative

2 (20)

5 (18.5)

5 (12.8)

 

MDR

2 (18.2)

3 (12)

4 (10)

0.49

Isoniazid -resistant

2 (18.2)

5 (20)

7 (17.5)

0.89

Rifampicin -resistant

2 (18.2)

4 (16)

5 (12.5)

0.59

Cough for more than 4 weeks

17 (94.4)

38 (92.7)

65 (89)

0.40

Hemoptysis

8 (44.4)

13 (31.7)

34 (46.6)

0.45

Fever

6 (33.3)

20 (48.8)

35 (47.9)

0.39

Dyspnea

12 (66.7)

25 (61)

49 (67.1)

0.77

Night sweats

12 (66.7)

22 (53.7)

41 (56.2)

0.58

No appetite

12 (66.7)

28 (68.3)

40 (54.8)

0.19

Lost weight

15 (83.3)

35 (85.4)

47 (64.4)

< 0.01

Fatigue

15 (83.3)

33 (80.5)

55 (75.3)

0.40

Polyuria

8 (44.4)

17 (41.5)

26 (35.6)

0.42

Polydipsia

8 (44.4)

21 (51.2)

34 (46.6)

0.95

Type lesions

   

< 0.01

1

0 (0)

9 (22)

30 (41.1)

 

2

4 (22.2)

12 (29.3)

24 (32.9)

 

3

14 (77.8)

20 (48.8)

19 (26)

 

Number of lesions - mean ± SD

6.1 ± 2.2

4.1 ± 1.8

2 ± 8

< 0.01

Number of lesions

   

< 0.01

≥ 4 lesions

17 (94.4)

27 (65.9)

24 (32.9)

 

<  4 lesions

1 (5.6)

14 (34.1)

49 (67.1)

 
  1. Data represent no. (%); IQR Interquartile range. Except Number of lesions represented in mean ± SD (standard deviation). BCG Bacillus Calmette–Guérin, BMI Body Mass Index, Hb Hemoglobin, FPG Fasting Plasma Glucose, HbA1c Glycated Hemoglobin, OGTT Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, AFB Acid-Fast Bacilli, L-J Löwenstein-Jensen, MDR Multi Drug Resistant. Hypertension, asthma, renal disease and anemia as defined by the World Health Organization as described in Methods. Prior TB: diagnosis of active tuberculosis before of this