Characteristics | DM n = 18 | PDM n = 41 | Normoglycemia n = 73 | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years)-median (IQR) | 46.15 (36.64–58.28) | 40 (26.67–53.89) | 25.83 (21.05–30.92) | < 0.01 |
Sex | 0.42 | |||
Male | 8 (44.4) | 28 (68.3) | 45 (61.6) | |
Female | 10 (55.6) | 13 (31.7) | 28 (38.4) | |
Education | < 0.01 | |||
Elementary and secondary school | 17 (94.4) | 36 (87.8) | 45 (61.6) | |
Higher education | 1 (5.6) | 5 (12.2) | 28 (38.4) | |
Prior TB | 12 (66.7) | 2 (4.9) | 2 (2.7) | < 0.01 |
BCG vaccination | 16 (88.9) | 37 (92.5) | 69 (94.5) | 0.40 |
Smoking | 4 (22.2) | 9 (22.5) | 15 (20.5) | 0.82 |
Smoker at home | 2 (11.1) | 4 (10) | 5 (6.8) | 0.48 |
Cannabis use | 1 (5.6) | 6 (15) | 13 (17.8) | 0.23 |
Illicit drug use | 1 (5.6) | 7 (17.5) | 8 (11) | 0.92 |
Alcohol use | 3 (16.7) | 27 (67.5) | 37 (50.7) | 0.16 |
Hypertension | 3 (16.7) | 4 (10) | 0 (0) | < 0.01 |
Asthma | 0 (0) | 3 (7.5) | 4 (5.5) | 0.57 |
Renal disease | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | 0.41 |
Slow scarring | 3 (16.7) | 9 (22.5) | 7 (9.6) | 0.17 |
Metformin use | 6 (33.3) | 1 (2.7) | 0 (0) | < 0.01 |
BMI (kg/m2)-median (IQR) | 22.43 (21.41–26.36) | 23.39 (21.53–25.04) | 22.31 (20.25–25.39) | 0.74 |
Waist circumference (cm) -median (IQR) | 84 (80–89) | 84 (77–90) | 80 (74–86) | 0.04 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) -median (IQR) | 10.55 (9.9–11.2) | 11.8 (10.35–13.1) | 12.6 (11.25–13.4) | < 0.01 |
FPG (mg /dL) -median (IQR) | 259.55 (155.3–311.6) | 100.4 (95.3–103.7) | 89.9 (85.7–94.5) | < 0.01 |
HbA1c (%)- median (IQR) | 11 (9.1–13.5) | 5.3 (5–5.65) | 5 (4.7–5.2) | < 0.01 |
OGTT (mg/dL) -median (IQR) | 119.5 (119.5–119.5) | 128.45 (110.3–157.05) | 105 (83.3–122) | < 0.01 |
AFB smear | 0.01 | |||
Negative | 5 (27.8) | 14 (34.1) | 38 (52.8) | |
1+ | 3 (16.7) | 9 (22) | 15 (20.8) | |
2+ | 3 (16.7) | 5 (12.2) | 6 (8.3) | |
3+ | 6 (33.3) | 11 (26.8) | 11 (15.3) | |
Scanty | 1 (5.6) | 2 (4.9) | 2 (2.8) | |
L-J culture | 1.00 | |||
Negative | 4 (22.2) | 8 (20.5) | 24 (34.3) | |
1+ | 11 (61.1) | 18 (46.2) | 32 (45.7) | |
2+ | 2 (11.1) | 4 (10.3) | 3 (4.3) | |
3+ | 0 (0) | 4 (10.3) | 3 (4.3) | |
colonies | 1 (5.6) | 5 (12.8) | 8 (11.4) | |
BD MGIT™ 960 System | 0.49 | |||
Positive | 8 (80) | 22 (81.5) | 34 (87.2) | |
Negative | 2 (20) | 5 (18.5) | 5 (12.8) | |
MDR | 2 (18.2) | 3 (12) | 4 (10) | 0.49 |
Isoniazid -resistant | 2 (18.2) | 5 (20) | 7 (17.5) | 0.89 |
Rifampicin -resistant | 2 (18.2) | 4 (16) | 5 (12.5) | 0.59 |
Cough for more than 4 weeks | 17 (94.4) | 38 (92.7) | 65 (89) | 0.40 |
Hemoptysis | 8 (44.4) | 13 (31.7) | 34 (46.6) | 0.45 |
Fever | 6 (33.3) | 20 (48.8) | 35 (47.9) | 0.39 |
Dyspnea | 12 (66.7) | 25 (61) | 49 (67.1) | 0.77 |
Night sweats | 12 (66.7) | 22 (53.7) | 41 (56.2) | 0.58 |
No appetite | 12 (66.7) | 28 (68.3) | 40 (54.8) | 0.19 |
Lost weight | 15 (83.3) | 35 (85.4) | 47 (64.4) | < 0.01 |
Fatigue | 15 (83.3) | 33 (80.5) | 55 (75.3) | 0.40 |
Polyuria | 8 (44.4) | 17 (41.5) | 26 (35.6) | 0.42 |
Polydipsia | 8 (44.4) | 21 (51.2) | 34 (46.6) | 0.95 |
Type lesions | < 0.01 | |||
1 | 0 (0) | 9 (22) | 30 (41.1) | |
2 | 4 (22.2) | 12 (29.3) | 24 (32.9) | |
3 | 14 (77.8) | 20 (48.8) | 19 (26) | |
Number of lesions - mean ± SD | 6.1 ± 2.2 | 4.1 ± 1.8 | 2 ± 8 | < 0.01 |
Number of lesions | < 0.01 | |||
≥ 4 lesions | 17 (94.4) | 27 (65.9) | 24 (32.9) | |
< 4 lesions | 1 (5.6) | 14 (34.1) | 49 (67.1) |