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Table 1 Demographics and hospital outcomes comparing White and Black patients age ≥ 60 years and older hospitalized with infective endocarditis, National Inpatient Sample (2013–2014)

From: The influence of race in older adults with infective endocarditis

Patient characteristics and outcomes

White patients

N = 7356

Black patients

N = 1089

p-value

Characteristics

 Age (years) (mean ± SE)

73.5 ± 0.2

70.5 ± 0.5

< 0.01

 Female, n (%)

2692 (36.6)

454 (41.7)

0.15

 Charlson comorbidity score, n (%)

  

< 0.01

  0

1353 (18.4)

84 (7.8)

 

  1

1544 (21.0)

194 (17.8)

 

  2

1.449 (19.7)

214 (19.7)

 

  3 or more

2993 (40.7)

594 (54.6)

 

 Comorbidities, (n%)

  Acute heart failure

1,1,18 (15.2)

184 (16.9)

0.51

  Acute renal failure

1691 (23.0)

284 (26.1)

0.33

  Candidemia

22 (0.3)

14 (1.3)

0.19

  Cardiogenic shock

176 (2.4)

64 (5.9)

0.03

  Complicated diabetes mellitus

536 (7.3)

154 (14.2)

< 0.01

  Drug use

117 (1.6)

74 (6.8)

< 0.01

  History of heart block

397 (5.4)

69 (6.4)

0.59

  Human Immunodeficiency Virus

14 (0.2)

14 (1.3)

0.14

  History of cerebral vascular accident

1213 (16.5)

199 (18.3)

0.51

  Sepsis

926 (12.6)

193 (17.8)

0.47

  Septic emboli

684 (9.3)

114 (10.5)

0.59

  History of valvular disease

132 (1.8)

24 (2.2)

0.04

 Median income in patient’s zip code, n (%)

  

< 0.01

  $1–$38,999

1382 (18.8)

440 (40.4)

 

  $39,000–$47,999

1780 (24.2)

279 (25.7)

 

  $48,000–$62,999

1949 (26.5)

228 (20.9)

 

  $63,000 or more

2228 (30.3)

146 (13.4)

 

 Insurance type, n (%)

  

< 0.01

  Medicare

5678 (77.2)

815 (74.9)

 

  Medicaid

213 (2.9)

81 (7.5)

 

  Private

1360 (18.5)

180 (16.5)

 

  Uninsured

95 (0.1.3)

10 (0.94)

 

 Hospital bed size, n (%)

  

0.09

  Small

1059 (14.4)

100 (9.2)

 

  Medium

1964 (26.7)

278 (25.6)

 

  Large

4325 (58.8)

709 (65.1)

 

 Hospital region, n (%)

  

0.02

  Northeast

2118 (28.8)

249 (22.9)

 

  Midwest

1493 (20.3)

230 (21.1)

 

  South

2375 (32.3)

464 (42.6)

 

  West

1353 (18.4)

264 (15.6)

 

 Teaching hospital, n(%)

  

< 0.01

  Non-teaching

926 (12.6)

61 (5.6)

 

  Teaching

6429 (87.4)

1028 (94.4)

 

Outcomes

 In-hospital mortality, n (%)

448 (6.1)

104 (9.6)

0.09

 AVR, n (%)

750 (10.2)

119 (11.0)

0.7

 MVR, n (%)

698 (9.5)

95 (8.7)

0.66

 TVR, n (%)

44 (0.6)

10 (0.9)

0.6

  1. n Number, AVR Aortic valve repairs/replacements, MVR Mitral valve repairs/replacements, TVR Tricuspid valve repairs/replacement