From: Vitamin D and COVID-19 severity and related mortality: a prospective study in Italy
Whole cohort (N = 103) | Surviving patients (n = 84) | Non-surviving patients (n = 19) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years mean(SD) | 66.12 (14.14) | 64.72 (14.72) | 72.32 (8.95) | 0.006‡ |
Males N(%) | 70 (68%) | 57 (68%) | 13 (68%) | 0.962† |
CV diseasesa N(%) | 12 (12%) | 11 (13%) | 1 (5%) | 0.458¥ |
At least 1 comorbidityb N(%) | 63 (61%) | 48 (57%) | 15 (79%) | 0.078† |
Obesity N (%) | 20 (19%) | 18 (21%) | 2 (11%) | 0.353¥ |
Diabetes N (%) | 19 (18%) | 10 (12%) | 9 (47%) | 0.001¥ |
Hypertension N (%) | 52 (50%) | 40 (48%) | 12 (63%) | 0.221† |
25OHD ng/mL mean(SD) | 18.2 (11.5) | 19.3 (12.0) | 13.2 (6.4) | 0.0003‡ |
vitamin D deficiency (25OHD ≤20 ng/mL) N(%) | 64 (62%) | 51 (61%) | 13 (68%) | 0.532† |
Creatinine μmol/L median [IQR] | 0.86 [0.72–1.04] | 0.87 [0.74–1.03] | 0.75 [0.62–1.25] | 0.284ǂ |
IL-6 pg/mL median [IQR] | 25.00 [13.00–51.00] | 21.00 [10.45–45.90] | 45.00 [28.00–99.00] | 0.002ǂ |
D-dimer ng/mL median [IQR] | 2482 [1697–3267] | 2134 [1303–2965] | 3947 [1782–6223] | 0.08 ǂ |
C-reactive Protein, nmol/L median [IQR] | 2.16 [0.78–8.21] | 1.81 [0.69–5.55] | 11.30 [4.78–21.71] | < 0.0001ǂ |
Fibrinogen, g/L mean(SD) | 482.3 (167.4) | 475.5 (151.6) | 512.6 (227.4) | 0.505‡ |
Lactate dehydrogenase, mU/mL median [IQR] | 260.00 [230.00–312.00] | 252.00 [215.00–294.00] | 330.00 [285.00–643.00] | < 0.0001ǂ |
Leukocytes count, ×109/L median [IQR] | 7.90 [5.50–10.10] | 7.80 [5.35–9.80] | 8.60 [6.40–12.30] | 0.136ǂ |
Neutrophils count, × 109/L median [IQR] | 5.60 [3.30–7.40] | 4.50 [3.20–6.80] | 7.20 [5.60–9.90] | 0.002ǂ |
Lymphocytes count, ×109/L median [IQR] | 1.50 [1.00–2.00] | 1.50 [1.15–2.10] | 1.10 [0.80–1.70] | 0.029ǂ |
Platelets count, ×109/L median [IQR] | 299.00 [228.00–378.50] | 299.00 [228.00–378.50] | 213.00 [139.00–308.00] | 0.0015ǂ |