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Table 3 Conditional univariate logistic regression: Risk factors for community-acquired or healthcare-associated urinary tract infection caused by a resistant bacterium compared with a susceptible one, by gender

From: Antibiotic prescriptions and risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in patients hospitalized with urinary tract infection: a matched case-control study using the French health insurance database (SNDS)

 

Community-acquired infections

Healthcare-associated infectionsa

Men (N = 5268)

Women (N = 7668)

Men (N = 3170)

Women (N = 2540)

ORc [CI 95%]

ORc [CI 95%]

ORc [CI 95%]

ORc [CI 95%]

Antibiotic consumption

 Number of antibiotic dispensing in the last 3 months

  0

1

1

1

1

  1

1.77 [1.53–2.05]

1.59 [1.41–1.78]

1.30 [1.09–1.55]

1.44 [1.18–1.77]

  2

2.61 [2.16–3.17]

1.91 [1.63–2.23]

1.83 [1.46–2.28]

1.47 [1.14–1.90]

  ≥ 3

4.26 [3.47–5.24]

3.07 [2.58–3.66]

2.97 [2.33–3.79]

2.05 [1.59–2.64]

Urinary tract condition

 Recurrent UTIb

  No

1

1

1

1

  Yes

2.04 [1.82–2.29]

1.69 [1.54–1.86]

1.48 [1.27–1.71]

1.45 [1.24–1.70]

 Urinary tract disease in the last 12 months

  No

1

1

1

1

  Yes

1.08 [0.84–1.39]

1.15 [0.84–1.57]

1.23 [1.05–1.44]

1.21 [0.96–1.54]

 Procedure on UT in the last 3 months

  No

1

1

1

1

  Yes

1.65 [1.36–1.99]

1.33 [0.95–1.86]

1.09 [0.93–1.27]

1.96 [1.55–2.49]

Health context

 Diabetes

  No

1

1

1

1

  On insulin

1.14 [0.79–1.65]

0.95 [0.72–1.26]

1.32 [0.91–1.89]

0.70 [0.44–1.10]

  Other

0.97 [0.74–1.29]

1.18 [0.93–1.50]

1.02 [0.74–1.41]

0.86 [0.586–1.33]

 Immunosuppression

  No

1

1

1

1

  Yes

0.98 [0.84–1.14]

1.10 [0.95–1.21]

1.16 [0.98–1.38]

1.05 [0.86–1.27]

 Neurological disease

  No

1

1

1

1

  Yes

1.00 [0.85–1.17]

1.01 [0.88–1.15]

1.10 [0.92–1.32]

0.98 [0.80–1.19]

 Pregnancy

  No

 

1

 

1

  Yes

 

1.06 [0.72–1.58]

 

1.37 [0.72–2.62]

Antecedent of hospitalization in the last 3 months

 Length of the longest stay in ICU

  No stay, or stay ≤7 days

  

1

1

  > 7 days

  

1.67 [1.16–2.38]

1.75 [1.01–3.03]

  1. Abbreviations: ORc crude Odds ratio, CI 95 95% confidence interval, UTI urinary tract infection, UT urinary tract, ICU intensive care unit
  2. a Infection with at least one prior hospitalization (any cause except UTI) in the last 3 months
  3. b at least 3 prior UTIs in the last 12 months