Variables | Willingness to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No n (%) | Yes n (%) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Socio-demographics | ||||||
Age | ||||||
18-25 years | 111 (45.9) | 217 (33.3) | 1.173 (0.652-2.11) | 0.594 | 1.148 (0.596-2.211) | 0.680 |
26-35 years | 73 (30.2) | 266 (40.8) | 2.186 (1.2-3.983) | 0.011 | 2.068 (1.072-3.99) | 0.030 |
36-45 years | 37 (15.3) | 134 (20.6) | 2.173 (1.132-4.171) | 0.02 | 1.715 (0.847-3.472) | 0.134 |
> 45 years | 21 (8.7) | 35 (5.4) | Reference | Reference | ||
Sex | ||||||
Male | 107 (44.2) | 337 (51.7) | 1.35 (1.003-1.816) | 0.047 | 1.439 (1.044-1.985) | 0.026 |
Female | 135 (55.8) | 315 (48.3) | Reference | Reference | ||
Marital status | ||||||
Unmarried | 126 (52.1) | 385 (59) | 3.565 (1.607-7.909) | 0.002 | 2.057 (0.847-4.993) | 0.111 |
Married | 102 (42.1) | 255 (39.1) | 2.917 (1.305-6.521) | 0.159 | 2.299 (0.953-5.545) | 0.064 |
Divorced | 14 (5.8) | 12 (1.8) | Reference | Reference | ||
Education level | ||||||
Bachelor | 112 (46.3) | 388 (59.5) | 2.162 (1.549-3.018) | <0.001 | 1.701 (1.169-2.476) | 0.006 |
Master's and above | 37 (15.3) | 115 (17.6) | 1.94 (1.234-3.049) | 0.004 | 1.414 (0.859-2.327) | 0.173 |
Intermediate or below | 93 (38.4) | 149 (22.9) | Reference | Reference | ||
Monthly family income | ||||||
< 20000 | 58 (24) | 133 (20.4) | 0.779 (0.516-1.177) | 0.236 | – | – |
20000-30000 | 53 (21.9) | 140 (21.5) | 0.898 (0.591-1.363) | 0.613 | – | – |
30000-40000 | 62 (25.6) | 176 (27) | 0.965 (0.648-1.437) | 0.86 | – | – |
> 40000 | 69 (28.5) | 203 (31.1) | Reference | |||
Number of children in the family | ||||||
0 | 124 (51.2) | 319 (48.9) | 1.029 (0.72-1.47) | 0.875 | – | – |
1 | 54 (22.3) | 173 (26.5) | 1.281 (0.841-1.953) | 0.248 | – | – |
≥2 | 64 (26.4) | 160 (24.5) | Reference | |||
Place of residence | ||||||
Urban | 168 (69.4) | 532 (81.6) | 1.953 (1.393-2.737) | <0.001 | 1.687 (1.16-2.454) | 0.006 |
Rural | 74 (30.6) | 120 (18.4) | Reference | Reference | ||
Health status, COVID-19 experience, and vaccination-related information | ||||||
Self-rated health status | ||||||
Good | 146 (60.3) | 487 (74.7) | 1.941 (1.42-2.652) | <0.001 | 1.713 (1.215-2.417) | 0.002 |
Poor | 96 (39.7) | 165 (25.3) | Reference | Reference | ||
History of chronic disease | ||||||
No | 162 (66.9) | 484 (74.2) | 1.423 (1.033-1.96) | 0.031 | 1.187 (0.817-1.724) | 0.369 |
Yes | 80 (33.1) | 168 (25.8) | Reference | Reference | ||
Ever tested for COVID-19 | ||||||
Yes | 61 (25.2) | 158 (24.2) | 0.949 (0.675-1.335) | 0.764 | – | – |
No | 181 (74.8) | 494 (75.8) | Reference | |||
Ever diagnosed with COVID-19 | ||||||
Yes | 46 (19) | 121 (18.6) | 0.971 (0.666-1.415) | 0.878 | – | – |
No | 196 (81) | 531 (81.4) | Reference | |||
Family member/friend ever infected by COVID-19 | ||||||
Yes | 70 (28.9) | 165 (25.3) | 0.833 (0.599-1.157) | 0.275 | – | – |
No | 172 (71.1) | 487 (74.7) | Reference | |||
Impact of COVID-19 on daily life | ||||||
Severea | 90 (37.2) | 263 (40.3) | 1.142 (0.842-1.548) | 0.392 | – | – |
Littleb | 152 (62.8) | 389 (59.7) | Reference | |||
Impact of COVID-19 on studies/work | ||||||
Severea | 122 (50.4) | 348 (53.4) | 1.126 (0.838-1.513) | 0.431 | – | – |
Littleb | 120 (49.6) | 304 (46.6) | Reference | |||
Impact of COVID-19 on physical/mental health | ||||||
Severea | 100 (41.3) | 298 (45.7) | 1.195 (0.887-1.611) | 0.242 | – | – |
Littleb | 142 (58.7) | 354 (54.3) | Reference | |||
COVID-19 vaccination is an effective way to prevent and control COVID-19 | ||||||
Yes | 161 (66.5) | 543 (83.3) | 2.506 (1.789-3.511) | <0.001 | 2.172 (1.486-3.176) | <0.001 |
No | 81 (33.5) | 109 (16.7) | Reference | |||
Doctor’s recommendation is an important factor in vaccination decision-making | ||||||
Yes | 200 (82.6) | 597 (91.6) | 2.279 (1.479-3.512) | <0.001 | 1.549 (0.938-2.557) | 0.087 |
No | 42 (17.4) | 55 (8.4) | Reference | Reference | ||
Previous refusals to get any type of vaccination | ||||||
No | 192 (79.3) | 536 (82.2) | 1.203 (0.831-1.743) | 0.327 | – | – |
Yes | 50 (20.7) | 116 (17.8) | Reference | |||
Perceived stigma of COVID-19 | ||||||
If I had COVID-19, I would be embarrassed | ||||||
Agreec | 64 (26.4) | 168 (25.8) | 0.965 (0.69-1.35) | 0.837 | – | – |
Disagreed | 178 (73.6) | 484 (74.2) | Reference | |||
If I had COVID-19, people would think badly of me | ||||||
Agreec | 66 (27.3) | 164 (25.2) | 0.896 (0.642-1.251) | 0.520 | – | – |
Disagreed | 176 (72.7) | 488 (74.8) | Reference | |||
If I had COVID-19, people would treat me differently. | ||||||
Agreec | 80 (33.1) | 196 (30.1) | 0.87 (0.635-1.194) | 0.389 | – | – |
Disagreed | 162 (66.9) | 456 (69.9) | Reference | |||
If I had COVID-19, I would not tell anyone | ||||||
Agreec | 46 (19) | 96 (14.7) | 0.736 (0.499-1.084) | 0.120 | – | – |
Disagreed | 196 (81) | 556 (85.3) | Reference | |||
Perceived susceptibility of contracting COVID-19 | ||||||
My chance of getting COVID-19 in the next few months is high | ||||||
Agreec | 61 (25.2) | 165 (25.3) | 1.005 (0.716-1.412) | 0.976 | – | – |
Disagreed | 181 (74.8) | 487 (74.7) | Reference | |||
I am worried about the likelihood of getting COVID 19 | ||||||
Agreec | 93 (38.4) | 313 (48) | 1.479 (1.095-1.999) | 0.011 | 1.403 (1.001-1.967) | 0.049 |
Disagreed | 149 (61.6) | 339 (52) | Reference | Reference | ||
Getting COVID-19 is currently a possibility for me | ||||||
Agreec | 80 (33.1) | 217 (33.3) | 1.01 (0.738-1.382) | 0.950 | – | – |
Disagreed | 162 (66.9) | 435 (66.7) | Reference | |||
Perceived severity of COVID-19 | ||||||
Complications from COVID-19 are serious | ||||||
Agreec | 123 (50.8) | 289 (44.3) | 0.77 (0.573-1.035) | 0.084 | – | – |
Disagreed | 119 (49.2) | 363 (55.7) | Reference | |||
I will be very sick if I get infected with COVID-19 | ||||||
Agreec | 104 (43) | 261 (40) | 0.886 (0.657-1.194) | 0.426 | – | – |
Disagreed | 138 (57) | 391 (60) | Reference | |||
I will be very afraid if I become infected with COVID-19 | ||||||
Agreec | 107 (44.2) | 294 (45.1) | 1.036 (0.77-1.394) | 0.815 | – | – |
Disagreed | 135 (55.8) | 358 (54.9) | Reference | |||
Perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccination | ||||||
Vaccination is a good idea because I feel less worried about catching COVID-19 | ||||||
Agreec | 78 (32.2) | 251 (38.5) | 1.316 (0.963-1.799) | 0.085 | – | – |
Disagreed | 164 (67.8) | 401 (61.5) | Reference | |||
Vaccination decreases my chance of getting COVID-19 or its complications | ||||||
Agreec | 85 (35.1) | 293 (44.9) | 1.507 (1.11-2.047) | 0.009 | 1.15 (0.787-1.681) | 0.47 |
Disagreed | 157 (64.9) | 359 (55.1) | Reference | Reference | ||
Perceived barriers of COVID-19 vaccination | ||||||
I am worried the possible side-effects of COVID-19 vaccination would interfere with my usual activities | ||||||
Agreec | 112 (46.3) | 303 (46.5) | 1.008 (0.75-1.355) | 0.959 | – | – |
Disagreed | 130 (53.7) | 349 (53.5) | Reference | |||
I am concerned about the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccination | ||||||
Agreec | 124 (51.2) | 346 (53.1) | 1.076 (0.801-1.446) | 0.627 | – | – |
Disagreed | 118 (48.8) | 306 (46.9) | Reference | |||
I am concerned about the safety of the COVID-19 vaccination | ||||||
Agreec | 127 (52.5) | 356 (54.6) | 1.089 (0.81-1.464) | 0.572 | – | – |
Disagreed | 115 (47.5) | 296 (45.4) | Reference | |||
I am concerned about the affordability (high cost of the vaccine) of getting the COVID-19 vaccination | ||||||
Agreec | 131 (54.1) | 319 (48.9) | 0.812 (0.604-1.091) | 0.167 | – | – |
Disagreed | 111 (45.9) | 333 (51.1) | Reference | |||
I am concerned about faulty/fake COVID-19 vaccines | ||||||
Agreec | 147 (60.7) | 392 (60.1) | 0.974 (0.72-1.318) | 0.866 | – | – |
Disagreed | 95 (39.3) | 260 (39.9) | Reference | |||
Cues to action | ||||||
I will only take the COVID-19 vaccine if I am given adequate information about it | ||||||
Agreec | 148 (61.2) | 453 (69.5) | 1.446 (1.063-1.966) | 0.019 | 0.954 (0.643-1.415) | 0.814 |
Disagreed | 94 (38.8) | 199 (30.5) | Reference | Reference | ||
I will only take the COVID-19 vaccine if the vaccine is taken by many in the public | ||||||
Agreec | 125 (51.7) | 380 (58.3) | 1.308 (0.972-1.759) | 0.076 | – | – |
Disagreed | 117 (48.3) | 272 (41.7) | Reference |