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Table 3 Comparative analysis of different viral pneumonia in immunocompromised patients

From: Characteristics of viral pneumonia in non-HIV immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients: a retrospective cohort study

Variables

CMV

N = 162

IFV

N = 65

Non-IFV

N = 79

≥two viruses

N = 64

P-Value

Female, n (%)

59 (36.4)

18 (27.7)

30 (38.0)

20 (31.3)

0.509

Age, median (IQR), years

60.0 (47.0, 68.3)

63.0 (54.0, 69.0)

59.0 (47.0, 68.0)

60.0 (50.3, 67.0)

0.616

Symptoms and signs, n (%)

 Fever

138 (85.2)

48 (73.9)

48 (60.8)

42 (65.6)

< 0.001

 Cough

138 (85.2)

63 (96.9)

79 (100.0)

62 (96.9)

< 0.001

 Expectoration

122 (75.3)

63 (96.9)

77 (97.5)

60 (93.8)

< 0.001

 Dyspnea

108 (66.7)

43 (66.2)

51 (64.6)

43 (67.2)

0.987

Underlying Diseases, n (%)

 Connective tissue disease

69 (42.6)

19 (29.2)

21 (26.6)

25 (39.1)

0.054

 Interstitial lung disease

61 (37.7)

31 (47.7)

43 (54.4)

30 (46.9)

0.084

 Diabetes mellitus

43 (26.5)

18 (27.7)

22 (27.9)

20 (31.3)

0.917

 Tumor

19 (11.7)

7 (10.8)

11 (13.9)

4 (6.3)

0.524

 Bronchial asthma

6 (3.7)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0.050

 COPD

13 (8.0)

6 (9.2)

3 (3.8)

2 (3.1)

0.311

 Leukemia

2 (1.2)

0 (0)

4 (5.1)

1 (1.6)

0.114

 Lymphoma

5 (3.1)

2 (3.1)

5 (6.3)

4 (6.3)

0.535

 After bone marrow or HSCT

2 (1.2)

0 (0)

1 (1.3)

2 (3.1)

0.490

 Nephrotic syndrome or chronic glomerulonephritis

36 (22.2)

2 (3.1)

4 (5.1)

4 (6.3)

< 0.001

 Solid organ transplant

7 (4.3)

17 (26.2)

23 (29.1)

13 (20.3)

< 0.001

 Cirrhosis

0 (0)

3 (4.6)

1 (1.3)

1 (1.6)

0.059

Laboratory examination

 White blood cell, ×109/L (IQR)

8.50 (5.70, 12.52)

7.95 (5.08, 11.07)

7.57 (5.69, 11.47)

8.50 (6.35, 11.45)

0.587

 Neutrophils, ×109/L (IQR)

7.08 (4.52, 10.94)

6.80 (3.80, 9.24)

5.69 (3.51, 8.81)

6.90 (4.86, 9.77)

0.081

 Lymphocyte, × 109/L (IQR)

0.73 (0.41, 1.40)

0.81 (0.41, 1.31)

1.11 (0.60, 1.83)

0.80 (0.45, 1.32)

0.048

 Persistent lymphocytopenia

84 (51.9)

32 (49.2)

28 (35.4)

33 (51.6)

0.097

 D-Dimer, mg/L

1.78 (0.78, 3.08)

1.52 (0.58, 3.09)

1.12 (0.55, 2.68)

1.34 (0.60, 2.57)

0.288

 Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L

395.5 (255.8, 590.0)

325.0 (228.0, 482.0)

300.0 (206.0, 430.0)

386.0 (276.0, 553.9)

0.007

 Oxygenation index

184.2 (113.5, 286.0)

285.7 (154.1375.9)

244.1 (96.3, 277.1)

122.4 (92.5, 272.8)

0.067

Severe pneumonia index score

75.0 (58.0, 107.0)

79.0 (60.0, 99.0)

79.0 (61.0, 104.0)

80.5 (57.8, 105.3)

0.508

CURB65 score > 1

55 (34.0)

25 (38.5)

19 (24.1)

18 (28.1)

0.234

Imaging features, n (%),24 missing

 Consolidation or mass

71 (43.8)

24 (36.9)

39 (49.4)

34 (53.1)

0.176

 Ground-glass opacity

99 (61.1)

30 (46.2)

42 (53.2)

35 (54.7)

0.004

Viral-PCP co-infection

64 (39.5)

4 (6.2)

3 (3.8)

7 (10.9)

< 0.001

Viral-aspergillus co-infection

16 (9.9)

9 (13.8)

12 (15.2)

15 (23.4)

0.069

Viral-bacteria co-infection

22 (13.6)

7 (10.8)

10 (12.7)

9 (14.1)

0.939

Viral-atypical co-infection

6 (3.7)

1 (1.5)

3 (3.8)

1 (1.6)

0.708

Nosocomial bacterial infection

36 (22.2)

17 (26.2)

17 (21.5)

22 (34.4)

0.237

Complications, n (%)

 Noninvasive ventilation

54 (33.3)

10 (15.4)

9 (11.4)

17 (26.6)

0.001

 Invasive mechanical ventilation

45 (27.8)

20 (30.8)

16 (20.3)

19 (29.7)

0.462

 Respiratory failure

91 (56.2)

33 (50.8)

26 (32.9)

36 (56.3)

0.001

 ICU care

89 (54.9)

22 (33.8)

19 (24.1)

26 (40.6)

< 0.001

 Septic shock

40 (24.7)

17 (26.2)

14 (17.7)

20 (31.3)

0.305

 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

4 (2.5)

7 (10.8)

7 (8.9)

6 (9.4)

0.268

 In-hospital mortality

50 (30.9)

14 (21.5)

12 (15.2)

22 (34.4)

0.022a

  1. IFV influenza A virus, influenza B virus; Non-IFV virus respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), HPIV human parainfluenza virus, HRV human rhinovirus, ADV adenovirus and HSV-1 herpes simplex virus type 1, HSCT hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
  2. aThe in-hospital mortality between non-IFV and IFV patients was not statistically different (P = 0.324), but the non-IFV group was associated with a lower in -hospital rate than that of CMV group and two or more viruses' group (P<0.05)