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Table 5 Results of included studies

From: Reducing burden from respiratory infections in refugees and immigrants: a systematic review of interventions in OECD, EU, EEA and EU-applicant countries

 

Intervention

Outcome

Author (Year)

Type of intervention

Intervention groups

Vaccination

Allocation

Outcome

Outcome measure

Cohort results

Percentage (95% CI)

Relative Risks calculated according to absolutes given

De Vallière et al. (2011) [69]

Different response strategies to varicella outbreaks in refugee housing

No response-strategy

n.i

Time-span sampled

Varicella outbreak prevention

Number of secondary cases among refugees at same housing, attack rate (%)

16/126

12.8%

(95% CI: 7.4–19.8%)

RR = 1

(control group)

Serotesting refugees at same housing as outbreak

Seronegative tested refugees

7/248

2.8%

(95% CI: 1.1–5.7%)

Getting infected: RR = 0.22

(95% CI: 0.09–0.53)

General-vaccination

All refugees aged 15–39 without history

0/966

0%

(95% CI: 0–0.38%)

Getting infected:

RR = 0.004

(95% CI: 0.0002 to 0.066)

Pallasch et al. (2005) [67]

Door-to-door MMR vaccination campaign supported by keypersons targeting children aged from 15 months to 10 years

Before campaign (2002)

In all indicated cases following national standards

Pre-/post-evaluation

MMR vaccination

Vaccination-coverage (%) for at least one and two doses of vaccine respectively

(results only measured in children during school preterm examinations)

21/38 at least one

55%

(95% CI: 38.3–71.3%)

Having received after campaign

At least one:

RR = 1.51

(95% CI: 1.11–2.08)

Two doses

RR = 7.66

(95% CI: 2.52–23.3)

Of vaccination

3/38 two doses

8%

(95% CI: 1.6–21.1%)

During campaign (2003)

34/48 at least one

70%

(95% CI: 55.9–83.1%)

21/48 two doses

44%

(95% CI: 29.5–58.8%)

After campaign (2004)

36/43 at least one

84%

(95% CI: 69.3–93.1%)

26/43 two doses

60%

(95% CI: 44.4–75.0%)

Brock-Mann et al. (2016) [68]

Community housing based vaccination concept

Housing excluded from campaign

In all indicated cases following national standards

Sampled by residency

MMR and DPPT vaccination

Percentage of persons with at least one vaccination (%)

71/704

10%

(95% CI: 7.9–12.7%)

RR = 1

(control group)

Housing included in campaign

571/1552

36.8%

(95% CI: 33.8–39.9%)

Getting vaccinated: RR = 3.65

(95% CI: 2.89–4.59)

Koop et al. (2001) [66]

Childhood vaccination campaigns in high vs. Low turn-over populations

Unstable population

All children under 4 years of age

Sampled by time and place of arrival

Measles, DPPT, BCG Vaccination

Change in vaccination coverage between first and second campaign in children under 4 years (10% of total study population)

From first campaign 2567/2760 to 1387/1900 after second campaign

-20% -

From 93.01% (95% CI: 91.9%- 93.4%) to 73% (95% CI: 70.9–74.9%)

Being vaccinated RR = 0.79

(95% CI: 0.77–0.81)

Stable population

From first campaign 2867/3150 to 3804/4180 after second campaign

Stable at about 91% (95% CI: 89.9–91.9%) to 91%

Being vaccinated

RR = 1.02

(95% CI: 1.001–1.03)

Coady et al. (2008) [58]

Multilevel Influenza informational campaign

Before campaign

None

Pre-/post-evaluation

Influenza vaccination

Interest in vaccination against influenza (%)

2995/3744 (80%)

80%

(95% CI: 78.7–81.3%)

Interest in vaccination RR = 1.175

(95% CI: 1.15–1.20)

After informational campaign

2897/3082 (94%)

94%

(95% CI: 93.1–94.8%)

Hoppe et al. (2011) [60]

Influenza informational and vaccination campaign in birth clinic

After informational campaign

In all willing patients

Sampled by choice of birth clinic

Influenza vaccination

Influenza vaccination coverage (%)

120/157 (76%)

76%

(95% CI: 69.0–82.8%)

Being vaccinated RR = 1.565

(95% CI: 1.43–1.71)

Cited national data

N.i

5538/11337 (48.8%)

48,8%

(95% CI: 47.9–49.7%)

Rodriguez-Rieiro et al. (2011) [59]

National Influenza vaccination campaign

Before vaccination campaign

In all indicated cases following national standards

Pre-/post-evaluation

Influenza vaccination

Odds of getting influenza vaccination for immigrants; reported: 1.10 (95% CI: 0.97–1.25)

163/2055 (7.9%)

7,9%

(95% CI: 6.8–9.2%)

Being vaccinated RR = 1.27

(95% CI: 1.02–1.58)

After vaccination campaign

138/1371 (10%)

10%

(95% CI: 8.5–11.8%)

Larson et al. (2009) [56]

Door-to-door based Influenza informational campaign

Before informational campaign

None

Pre-/post-evaluation

Influenza vaccination

Reported households with at least one vaccinated person (%)

269/422 (63.7%)

63.7%

(95% CI: 58.9–68.3%)

Having vaccinated person living in household RR = 1.16

(95% CI: 1.06–1.27)

After campaign

312/422 (73.9%)

73.9%

(95% CI: 69.5–78.1%)

Larson et al. (2010) [57]

Door-to-door based influenza, influenza-like illness (= ILI) and upper respiratory infections (= URI) informational, prevention and campaign

Group E (informational campaign only)

Before

None

Randomly sampled by households

Influenza vaccination

Mean change in vaccination coverage pre-/post campaign (%)

191/904 (21.1%)

21.1%

(95% CI: 18.5–23.9%)

RR = 1.93

(95% CI: 1.67–2.24)

After

369/904 (40.8%)

40,8%

(95% CI: 37.6–44.1%)

Group 1 (additionally hand sanitiser)

Before

180/946 (19%)

19%

(95% CI: 16.6–21.7%)

RR = 3.0

(95% CI: 2.60–3.46)

After

540 /946 (57.1%)

57.1%

(95% CI: 53.9–60.3%)

Group 2 (additionally hand sanitiser and face masks)

Before

210/938 (22.4%)

22.4%

(95% CI: 19.8–25.2%)

RR = 1.94

(95% CI: 1.69–2.23)

After

408/938 (43.5%)

43.5%

(95% CI: 40.3–46.7%)

Group E

Prevention of URI**, ILI*** and influenza

URI**-rate/1000 person-weeks

35.38

95% CI: 33.7–37.1

RR = 1

(control-group)

Group 1

29.06

95% CI: 27.6–30.6

RR = 0.82

(95% CI: 0.76–0.88)

Group 2

38.91

95% CI: 37.2–40.7

RR = 1.1

(95% CI: 1.03–1.18)

Group E

ILI***-rate/1000 person-weeks

2.26

95% CI: 1.8–2.7

RR = 1

(control-group)

Group 1

1.93

95% CI: 1.6–2.4

RR = 0.85

(95% CI: 0.64–1.14)

Group 2

1.56

95% CI: 1.2–1.9

RR = 0.69

(95% CI: 0.51–0.93)

Group E

Influenza-rate/1000 person-weeks

0.52

95% CI: 0.33–0.77

RR = 1

(control-group)

Group 1

0.60

95% CI: 0.39–0.85

RR = 1.15

(95% CI: 0.65–2.07)

Group 2

0.49

95% CI: 0.32–0.73

RR = 0.96

(95% CI: 0.52–1.75)

  1. **URI = Upper respiratory infection
  2. ***ILI = Influenza-like illness