Risk factors | Effect measures | Numbers of study | Effect size (95% CI) | Heterogeneity | Begg’s test P-value# | Egger’s test P-value# | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I2 | P-value | ||||||
Older age | pOR | 21 | 2.61 (1.75–3.47) | 99.97 | 0.000 | 0.321 | 0.531 |
pHR | 16 | 1.31 (1.11–1.51) | 99.54 | 0.000 | 0.212 | 0.142 | |
Gender: Male vs Female | pOR | 15 | 1.45 (1.41–1.51) | 66.63 | 0.000 | 0.243 | 0.213 |
pHR | 9 | 1.24 (1.07–1.41) | 62.45 | 0.000 | 0.424 | 0.126 | |
Smoking status: Yes vs No | pOR | 5 | 1.42 (1.01–1.83) | 55.81 | 0.000 | 0.143 | 0.076 |
pHR | 1 | 1.84 (0.96–2.71) | – | – | – | – | |
Obesity: Yes vs No | pOR | 9 | 1.34 (1.17–1.52) | 82.56 | 0.000 | 0.293 | 0.272 |
pHR | 2 | 1.50 (1.26–1.75) | 36.82 | 0.070 | 0.253 | 0.312 | |
CVDs: Yes vs No | pOR | 9 | 1.83 (1.50–2.17) | 41.27 | 0.020 | 0.410 | 0.388 |
pHR | 3 | 1.77 (0.95–2.59) | 13.73 | 0.160 | 0.426 | 0.143 | |
Diabetes | pOR | 13 | 1.52 (1.36–1.69) | 79.83 | 0.000 | 0.432 | 0.471 |
pHR | 10 | 1.17 (1.02–1.32) | 49.45 | 0.000 | 0.298 | 0.462 | |
Hypertension | pOR | 12 | 1.57 (1.27–1.87) | 94.97 | 0.000 | 0.114 | 0.399 |
pHR | 8 | 1.18 (1.01–1.40) | 66.66 | 0.000 | 0.054 | 0.267 | |
COPD | pOR | 7 | 1.58 (1.08–2.07) | 92.24 | 0.000 | 0.130 | 0.146 |
pHR | 5 | 1.71 (1.01–2.45) | 78.28 | 0.000 | 0.092 | 0.078 | |
Cancer | pOR | 3 | 1.43 (0.06–2.80) | 79.98 | 0.000 | 0.181 | 0.162 |
pHR | 5 | 1.33 (1.09–1.56) | 58.67 | 0.000 | 0.461 | 0.234 | |
Acute kidney injury | pOR | 5 | 1.87 (1.48–2.26) | 86.53 | 0.000 | 0.131 | 0.220 |
pHR | 3 | 2.21 (1.44–2.99) | 42.43 | 0.030 | 0.256 | 0.087 | |
Cardiac injury | pOR | 3 | 2.33 (0.88–3.79) | 5.97 | 0.320 | 0.088 | 0.090 |
pHR | 4 | 1.89 (0.75–3.02 | 76.57 | 0.000 | 0.065 | 0.102 | |
Increased D-dimer | pOR | 3 | 10.49 (1.80–19.18) | 96.14 | 0.000 | 0.312 | 0.101 |
pHR | 5 | 1.44 (1.01–2.06) | 91.52 | 0.000 | 0.067 | 0.178 |