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Table 1 Demographic, clinical, radiographic, laboratory findings of survivors and non-survivors with COVID-19

From: Clinical characteristics and risk factors of fatal patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study in Wuhan, China

Indicators

Total

Survivors

Non-survivors

P value

N = 993

N = 712

 

N = 281

 

Characteristics

      

 Age, years

68(63–74)

N = 712

68(63–73)

N = 281

69(62–77)

0.100

 Sex

 

N = 712

 

N = 281

  

  Male

655(65.96%)

 

464(65.17%)

 

191(67.97%)

0.401

  Female

338(34.04%)

 

248(34.83%)

 

90(32.03%)

 

Comorbidities

      

 Hypertension

401(40.38%)

N = 712

292(41.01%)

N = 281

109(38.79%)

0.521

 Diabetes

174(17.52%)

N = 712

134(18.82%)

N = 281

40(14.23%)

0.087

 Coronary heart disease

104(10.47%)

N = 712

72(10.11%)

N = 281

32(11.39%)

0.554

 Cerebrovascular disease

39(3.93%)

N = 712

27(3.79%)

N = 281

12(4.27%)

0.727

 Pulmonary tuberculosis

22(2.22%)

N = 712

13(1.83%)

N = 281

9(3.20%)

0.184

 Hepatitis

17(1.71%)

N = 712

10(1.40%)

N = 281

7(2.49%)

0.234

 Chronic bronchitis

19(1.91%)

N = 712

11(1.54%)

N = 281

8(2.85%)

0.177

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

9(0.91%)

N = 712

5(0.70%)

N = 281

4(1.42%)

0.280

Initial symptoms

N = 919

 

N = 663

 

N = 256

 

 Fever

718(78.13%)

 

523(78.88%)

 

195(76.17%)

0.373

 Cough

632(68.77%)

 

471(71.04%)

 

161(62.89%)

0.017*

 Dyspnea

409(44.50%)

 

280(42.23%)

 

129(50.39%)

0.026*

 Expectoration

399(43.42%)

 

293(44.19%)

 

106(41.41%)

0.445

 Diarrhoea

199(21.65%)

 

140(21.12%)

 

59(23.05%)

0.524

 Fatigue

170(18.50%)

 

119(17.95%)

 

51(19.92%)

0.490

 Chest tightness

147(16.00%)

 

106(15.99%)

 

41(16.02%)

0.992

 Chills

97(10.55%)

 

72(10.86%)

 

25(9.77%)

0.628

 Myalgia

82(8.92%)

 

67(10.11%)

 

15(5.86%)

0.043*

 Anorexia

71(7.73%)

 

50(7.54%)

 

21(8.20%)

0.736

 Headache

56(6.09%)

 

43(6.49%)

 

13(5.08%)

0.424

 Vertigo

40(4.35%)

 

21(3.17%)

 

19(7.42%)

0.005*

 Othersη

124(13.49%)

 

104(15.69%)

 

20(7.81%)

0.002*

Vital signs

      

 Temperature, ℃

36.6(36.3–37.1)

N = 712

36.5(36.2–36.9)

N = 281

36.8(36.4–37.6)

 < 0.0001*

 Heart rate, bpm

92(80–105)

N = 712

88(78–99)

N = 281

102(90–115)

 < 0.0001*

 Respiratory rate, bpm

20(20–23)

N = 712

20(20–21)

N = 281

26(21–33)

 < 0.0001*

 Mean arterial pressure, mmHg

95(86.67–104.33)

N = 711

96.67(89.33–105.67)

N = 281

88.67(79–99)

 < 0.0001*

CT findings

N = 757

 

N = 699

 

N = 58

 

 Patchy shadows

586(77.41%)

 

544(77.83%)

 

42(72.41%)

0.344

 Ground-glass opacity

338(44.65%)

 

307(43.92%)

 

31(53.45%)

0.161

 Fibrous stripes

262(34.61%)

 

253(36.19%)

 

9(15.52%)

0.001*

 Pleural thickening

212(28.01%)

 

188(26.90%)

 

24(41.38%)

0.018*

 Nodules

60(7.93%)

 

55(7.87%)

 

5(8.62%)

0.800 a

 Lymphadenia

214(28.27%)

 

192(27.47%)

 

22(37.93%)

0.089

 Bilateral pulmonary

735(97.09%)

 

677(96.85%)

 

58(100.00%)

0.413 a

 Right lung

12(1.59%)

 

12(1.72%)

 

0(0.00%)

0.614 a

 Left lung

10(1.32%)

 

10(1.43%)

 

0(0.00%)

1.000 a

Laboratory examinations

      

 Blood routine

      

  Leukocytes, # (N = 993), × 109/L

6.12(4.66–8.28)

N = 712

5.63(4.43–7.14)

N = 281

8.91(6.00–13.03)

 < 0.0001*

  Monocytes, % (N = 993)

8.10(5.40–10.40)

N = 712

8.90(7.00–10.90)

N = 281

4.60(2.70–7.50)

 < 0.0001*

  Neutrophils, % (N = 993)

73.60(63.70–83.90)

N = 712

69.00(60.30–77.35)

N = 281

87.10(79.90–92.20)

 < 0.0001*

  Eosinophils, % (N = 993)

0.30(0.00–1.30)

N = 712

0.70(0.00–1.70)

N = 281

0.00(0.00–0.10)

 < 0.0001*

Immune cell subsets

      

 Lymphocytes, # (N = 993), × 109/L

0.94(0.64–1.34)

N = 712

1.09(0.76–1.46)

N = 281

0.63(0.44–0.85)

 < 0.0001*

 CD3+CD19− T cells, # (N = 207), /μL

782.00(394.00–1060.00)

N = 153

905.00(682.00–1173.00)

N = 54

276.50(132.75–408.50)

 < 0.0001*

 CD3+CD8+ T cells, # (N = 207), /μL

248.00(112.50–350.50)

N = 153

280.00(206.00–384.00)

N = 54

62.00(29.25–127.00)

 < 0.0001*

 CD3−CD19+ B cells, # (N = 207), /μL

137.00(78.00–205.00)

N = 153

156.00(117.00–209.00)

N = 54

73.50(40.25–143.00)

 < 0.0001*

 CD3−CD16+CD56+ NK cells, # (N = 207), /μL

160.00(72.50–278.50)

N = 153

209.00(128.00–313.00)

N = 54

36.50(16.00–74.75)

 < 0.0001*

 T cells + B cells + NK cells, # (N = 207), /μL

1134.00(687.00–1533.00)

N = 153

1337.00(995.00–1662.00)

N = 54

406.00(269.75–692.50)

 < 0.0001*

Inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers

      

 IL-6 (N = 796), pg/mL

14(3.42–49.38)

N = 594

6.85(2.82–24.18)

N = 202

61.35(29.27–151.45)

 < 0.0001*

 IL-10 (N = 778), pg/mL

5.00(5.00–8.90)

N = 579

5.00(5.00–5.85)

N = 199

10.30(6.35–18.70)

 < 0.0001*

 IL-8 (N = 779), pg/mL

14.20(8.00–27.95)

N = 579

11.60(6.80–20.25)

N = 200

28.40(16.35–61.83)

 < 0.0001*

 TNF-α (N = 786), pg/mL

8.60(6.60–11.80)

N = 586

8.10(6.10–10.70)

N = 200

11.45(8.1–16.50)

 < 0.0001*

 IL-1β (N = 778), pg/mL

6.92(7.44)

N = 578

6.49(6.35)

N = 200

8.15(9.88)

 < 0.0001*

 IL-2R (N = 774), U/mL

675.50(446.25–1078.00)

N = 576

599.50(407.75–873.25)

N = 198

1148.00(740.25–1615.00)

 < 0.0001*

 Ferritin (N = 602), μg/L

751.00(421.10–1439.05)

N = 420

566.90(351.53–989.13)

N = 182

1407.35(832.68–2400.18)

 < 0.0001*

 hs-CRP (N = 980), mg/L

41.05(6.90–98.38)

N = 704

20.85(3.58–66.33)

N = 276

105.60(59.33–164.43)

 < 0.0001*

 Procalcitonin (N = 890), ng/mL

0.08(0.05–0.21)

N = 629

0.06(0.04–0.09)

N = 261

0.29(0.12–0.89)

 < 0.0001*

Organ damage indexes

      

 ALT (N = 991), U/L

24.00(15.00–39.00)

N = 710

23.00(15.00–38.00)

N = 281

27.00(18.00–42.00)

0.004*

 AST (N = 991), U/L

30.00(21.00–44.00)

N = 710

26.50(19.00–38.00)

N = 281

41.00(29.00–59.00)

 < 0.0001*

 TBIL (N = 993), μmol/L

10.00(7.40–13.90)

N = 712

9.40(7.20–12.55)

N = 281

12.30(9.00–18.60)

 < 0.0001*

 ALB/GLO (N = 988)

0.99(0.83–1.21)

N = 708

1.05(0.89–1.26)

N = 280

0.86(0.75–1.00)

 < 0.0001*

 LDH (N = 950), U/L

302.00(225.00–442.75)

N = 673

262.00(209.00–328.00)

N = 277

504.00(364.00–669.00)

 < 0.0001*

 ALP (N = 952), U/L

68.00(56.00–86.00)

N = 671

66.00(55.50–79.00)

N = 281

78.00(60.00–107.00)

 < 0.0001*

 Amylase (N = 486), U/L

63.50(43.00–83.00)

N = 342

67.00(48.00–83.00)

N = 144

52.00(36.00–84.00)

0.004*

 eGFR (N = 987), mL/(min*1.73 m2)

82.60(66.80–92.80)

N = 709

85.90(71.60–93.00)

N = 278

72.60(47.83–90.98)

 < 0.0001*

 Creatinine (N = 988), μmol/L

78.00(65.00–93.25)

N = 712

75.00(64.00–88.00)

N = 281

86.00(66.50–114.00)

 < 0.0001*

 NT-proBNP (N = 841), pg/mL

230.00(89.00–744.00)

N = 589

152.00(64.00–335.00)

N = 252

888.50(362.50–2567.00)

 < 0.0001*

 CK-MB (N = 650), U/L

1.00(0.60–1.90)

N = 477

0.80(0.50–1.30)

N = 173

2.40(1.20–5.80)

 < 0.0001*

 hs-cTnI (N = 905), pg/mL

7.70(3.60–20.70)

N = 644

5.40(2.80–10.93)

N = 261

35.30(11.20–194.70)

 < 0.0001*

 Platelets, # (N = 988), × 109/L

206.00(149.00–273.25)

N = 712

219.00(167.00–285.00)

N = 281

159.00(111.00–223.50)

 < 0.0001*

PT (N = 980), s

14.10(13.50–15.00)

N = 699

13.90(13.30–14.40)

N = 281

15.30(14.30–16.90)

 < 0.0001*

 APTT (N = 930), s

39.40(36.10–43.50)

N = 680

39.25(36.00–42.83)

N = 250

40.25(36.23–46.00)

0.005*

 D-Dimer (N = 966), μg/mL

1.14(0.51–2.68)

N = 691

0.77(0.41–1.64)

N = 275

4.10(1.39–15.70)

 < 0.0001*

 FDP (N = 727), g/L

4.50(4.00–14.40)

N = 515

4.00(4.00–5.50)

N = 212

25.85(7.40–86.50)

 < 0.0001*

 PTA (N = 980), %

87.00(77.75–95.25)

N = 699

90.00(84.00–98.00)

N = 281

75.00(62.00–86.00)

 < 0.0001*

Metabolism indexes

      

 HbA1c (N = 351), %

6.40(6.00–7.30)

N = 251

6.30(6.00–7.15)

N = 100

6.65(6.10–7.43)

0.022*

 K+ (N = 993), mmol/L

4.23(3.80–4.61)

N = 712

4.19(3.78–4.55)

N = 281

4.36(3.88–4.86)

0.001*

 Ca2+ (N = 992), mmol/L

2.12(2.04–2.21)

N = 712

2.15(2.07–2.23)

N = 281

2.06(1.99–2.14)

 < 0.0001*

Blood gas characteristics

      

 PaO2 (N = 303), mmHg

82.00(68.00–88.00)

N = 181

85.70(81.00–92.00)

N = 122

68.30(52.30–80.80)

 < 0.0001*

 SaO2 (N = 303), %

95.70(88.00–98.50)

N = 181

98.10(95.90–99.10)

N = 122

85.50(71.00–92.00)

 < 0.0001*

 PaCO2 (N = 304), mmHg

37.50(32.28–42.33)

N = 182

39.80(34.50–43.35)

N = 122

34.60(30.30–37.90)

 < 0.0001*

 Actual bicarbonate (N = 304), mmol/L

23.75(20.50–25.80)

N = 182

24.40(22.25–26.15)

N = 122

22.30(19.30–24.90)

 < 0.0001*

Score prediction

N = 303

 

N = 181

 

N = 122

 

 SOFA score

3.00(2.00–4.00)

 

2.00(2.00–3.00)

 

4.00(3.00–6.00)

 < 0.0001*

 qSOFA score

0.00(0.00–1.00)

 

0.00(0.00–1.00)

 

1.00(0.25–1.00)

 < 0.0001*

 APACHE II score

13.00(9.00–17.00)

 

10.00(7.00–13.00)

 

17.00(14.00–20.00)

 < 0.0001*

 SIRS score

1.00(1.00–2.00)

 

1.00(0.00–2.00)

 

2.00(1.00–2.00)

 < 0.0001*

  1. *P < 0.05
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BMC Infectious Diseases

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