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Table 3 Comparison of basic characteristics between pneumonic patients requiring oxygenation and non-requiring oxygenation (N = 85)

From: Pneumonia-targeted lopinavir/ritonavir-based treatment for patients with COVID-19: an early-period retrospective single center observational study

Variables, number (%)

Requiring oxygen

(N = 8)

Non-requiring oxygen

(N = 77)

P value

Age, year

(mean ± standard deviation)

73.6 ± 16.1

45.9 ± 15.1

 < 0.001

Male gender

4 (50.0)

40 (51.9)

0.999

Co-morbidities

   

 Cardio-pulmonary diseases

5 (62.5)

20 (26.0)

0.045

 Endocrine diseases

3 (37.5)

10 (13.0)

0.100

 Neurological diseases

4 (50.0)

6 (7.8)

0.006

 Other diseases

4 (50.0)

16 (20.8)

0.084

Delayed admission ≥ 3 days

4 (50.0)

55 (71.4)

0.241

Initial symptom

   

 Asymptomatic

0 (0)

3 (3.9)

0.999

 General (fever, chill, and myalgia)

7 (87.5)

55 (71.4)

0.439

 Upper respiratory (sore throat, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion)

0 (0)

22 (28.6)

0.105

 Lower respiratory (cough, sputum, dyspnea, and chest discomfort)

1 (12.5)

21 (27.3)

0.674

 Others

1 (12.5)

6 (7.8)

0.513

Initial laboratory findings

median (IQR)

   

 White blood cells, 109/L

6.6 (4.42–13.8)

5 (4.15–6.45)

0.268

 Lymphocyte, %

22.65 (7–33.52)

29.2 (22–35.5)

0.155

 Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio

3.04 (1.61–13.09)

2.05(1.46–2.97)

0.157

 C-reactive protein, mg/dL

6.67 (2.04–9.47)

0.39 (0.14–1.12)

0.001

 Procalcitonin, mg/dL

0.28 (0.04–0.68)

0.04 (0.03–0.05)

0.004

 Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L

420 (317.25–532)

254 (215.5–309.5)

0.001

 Ferritin, μg/L

634.86 (300.08–2482.79)

173.67 (85.13–364.48)

0.002