Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal protozoan infection among symptomatic and asymptomatic populations in rural and urban areas of southern Algeria

Table 3 Factors associated with protozoan infections among symptomatic population 2 in Laghouat province

Factor	Level	N	Prevalence	CL₉₅	OR	z	P
Sex	Male	348	81	76.12–85.16	1	− 1.097	0.219
	Female	275	77.5	72.96–81.43	0.804
		(χ²₁ = 1.2, P = 0.273)
Area	Urban	288	78.5	73.94–82.47	1
	Rural	335	80.3	75.45–84.38	1.118	0.562	0.341
			(χ²₁ = 0.316, P = 0.574)
Water	Bottled	249	84.7	80.96–87.93	1
	Tap	374	75.9	70.52–80.67	0.568	2.644	0.012
			(χ²₁ = 7.302, P = 0.007)
Animal	No	327	73.4	68.24–78.00	1
	Yes	296	86.1	82.12–89.43	2.255	3.877	0.0002
			(χ²₁ = 15.818, P < 0.001)
Season	Spring	182	86.3	78.51–91.67	3.581	4.852	< 0.0001
	Summer	85	90.6	80.34–95.97	5.489	4.247	< 0.0001
	Autumn	166	84.3	76.85–89.91	3.071	4.291	< 0.0001
	Winter	190	63.7	54.00–72.51	1
			(χ²₃ = 41.046, P = 0.001)
Year	2015	91	86.8	75.21–93.60	1
	2016	199	88.4	80.59–93.56	1.162	0.395	0.369
	2017	151	83.4	76.15–88.94	0.766	− 0.704	0.311
	2018	182	62.6	53.19–71.25	0.255	− 3.971	< 0.001
			(χ²₃ = 43.271, P < 0.001)

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