Table 23 Radiological outcomes after using antibiotics
From: Inadequate use of antibiotics in the covid-19 era: effectiveness of antibiotic therapy
|  | Total (n = 13,932) | No. (%) | With antibiotics n = 12,238 (%) | Without antibiotics n = 1498 (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
At admission | ||||||
 Condensation | ||||||
  No | 13,564 | 6962 (51.3) | 6032 (49.7) | 930 (65.2) | 1. (ref) | – |
  Unilateral | 2383 (17.6) | 2206 (18.2) | 177 (12.4) | 1.92 (1.62–2.27) | < 0.001 | |
  Bilateral | 4219 (31.1) | 3899 (32.1) | 320 (22.4) | 1.88 (1.64–2.15) | < 0.001 | |
 Interstitial infiltrates | ||||||
  No | 13,572 | 5074 (37.4) | 4388 (36.1) | 686 (48.2) | 1. (ref) | – |
  Unilateral | 1399 (10.3) | 1258 (10.4) | 141 (9.9) | 1.39 (1.15–1.69) | 0.001 | |
  Bilateral | 7099 (52.3) | 6503 (53.5) | 596 (41.9) | 1.71 (1.52–1.92) | < 0.001 | |
 Pleural effusion | ||||||
  No | 13,565 | 12,942 (95.4) | 11,573 (95.3) | 1369 (96.1) | 1. (ref) | – |
  Unilateral | 411 (3.0) | 377 (3.1) | 34 (2.4) | 1.31 (0.92–1.87) | 0.14 | |
  Bilateral | 212 (1.6) | 191 (1.6) | 21 (1.5) | 1.08 (0.68–1.69) | 0.75 | |
Thoracic CT scan was performed | 13,618 | 774 (5.7) | 721 (5.9) | 53 (3.6) | 1.68 (1.26–2.23) | < 0.001 |
COVID-19 compatible findings on Thoracic CT | 769 | 682 (88.7) | 644 (89.9) | 38 (71.7) | 3.53 (1.85–6.73) | < 0.001 |
One week after admission | ||||||
 Condensation | ||||||
  No | 10,132 | 4709 (46.5) | 4123 (45.0) | 586 (60.9) | 1. (ref) | – |
  Unilateral | 1406 (13.9) | 1291 (14.1) | 115 (12.0) | 1.60 (1.29–1.97) | < 0.001 | |
  Bilateral | 4017 (39.7) | 3756 (41.0) | 261 (27.1) | 2.04 (1.76–2.38) | < 0.001 | |
 Interstitial infiltrates | ||||||
  No | 10,119 | 3562 (35.2) | 3101 (33.9) | 461 (48.1) | 1. (ref) | – |
  Unilateral | 753 (7.4) | 685 (7.5) | 68 (7.1) | 1.50 (1.15–1.96) | 0.003 | |
  Bilateral | 5804 (57.4) | 5374 (58.7) | 430 (44.8) | 1.86 (1.62–2.13) | < 0.001 | |
 Pleural effusion | ||||||
  No | 10,111 | 9647 (95.4) | 8719 (95.3) | 928 (96.9) | 1. (ref) | – |
  Unilateral | 302 (3.0) | 282 (3.1) | 20 (2.1) | 1.50 (0.95–2.37) | 0.08 | |
  Bilateral | 162 (1.6) | 152 (1.7) | 10 (1.1) | 1.62 (0.85–3.08) | 0.14 | |
Radiological worsening | 10,154 | 4034 (39.7) | 3774 (41.1) | 260 (26.9) | 1.89 (1.63–2.20) | < 0.001 |