From: Inadequate use of antibiotics in the covid-19 era: effectiveness of antibiotic therapy
 | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value |
---|---|---|
Use of antibiotic therapy | 1.20 (0.94–1.53) | 0.14 |
Age | 1.08 (1.07–1.09) | < 0.001 |
Smoking status | ||
 Never | – | 1 (ref.) |
 Former | 1.38 (1.19–1.59) | < 0.001 |
 Current | 1.63 (1.21–2.20) | 0.001 |
Fever | ||
 No (< 37 °C) | – | 1 (ref.) |
 Low-grade fever (37–37.9 °C) | 0.98 (0.80–1.20) | 0.84 |
 Fever (> 38 °C) | 0.86 (0.72–1.03) | 0.10 |
 Shortness of breath | 1.30 (1.13–1.49) | < 0.001 |
 Oxygen saturation < 90% | 2.21 (1.92–2.55) | < 0.001 |
 Tachypnea | 1.93 (1.68–2.21) | < 0.001 |
 C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | < 0.001 |
 Procalcitonin (ng/mL) > 0.15 | 4.78 (3.81–5.99) | < 0.001 |
 Use of systemic corticosteroids | 1.50 (1.30–1.71) | < 0.001 |
 Use of tocilizumab | 1.90 (1.50–2.40) | < 0.001 |