From: Inadequate use of antibiotics in the covid-19 era: effectiveness of antibiotic therapy
 | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value |
---|---|---|
Use of macrolides | 0.64 (0.56–0.73) |  < 0.001 |
Age | 1.08 (1.07–1.09) |  < 0.001 |
Smoking status | ||
 Never | – | 1 (ref.) |
 Former | 1.38 (1.19–1.59) |  < 0.001 |
 Current | 1.62 (1.21–2.18) | 0.001 |
Fever | ||
 No (< 37 °C) | – | 1 (ref.) |
 Low-grade fever (37–37.9 °C) | 0.97 (0.79–1.18) | 0.76 |
 Fever (> 38 °C) | 0.87 (0.73–1.04) | 0.12 |
 Shortness of breath | 1.31 (1.14–1.51) | < 0.001 |
 Oxygen saturation > 90% | 0.45 (0.39–0.51) | < 0.001 |
 Tachypnea | 1.95 (1.70–2.24) | < 0.001 |
 C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | < 0.001 |
 Procalcitonin (ng/mL) > 0.15 | 4.83 (3.86–6.04) | < 0.001 |
 Use of systemic corticosteroids | 1.60 (1.39–1.84) | < 0.001 |
 Use of tocilizumab | 1.89 (1.49–2.39) | < 0.001 |