Table 9 Demographic data and comorbidities according to use of antibiotic therapy
From: Inadequate use of antibiotics in the covid-19 era: effectiveness of antibiotic therapy
|  | Total (n = 13,932) | No. (%) | With antibiotics n = 12,238 (%) | Without antibiotics n = 1498 (%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median (IQR) age (years) |  | 69 (56–80) [18–105] | 69 (56–79) | 67 (52–80) | < 0.001 |
Age (years) | |||||
 < 40 years | 13,736 | 874 (6.4) | 732 (6.0) | 142 (9.5) | 0.002 |
 40–50 years | 1338 (9.7) | 1143 (9.3) | 195 (13.0) | ||
 50–60 years | 2175 (15.8) | 1955 (16.0) | 220 (14.7) | ||
 60–70 years | 2686 (19.6) | 2442 (20.0) | 244 (16.3) | ||
 70–80 years | 3277 (23.9) | 2965 (24.2) | 312 (20.8) | ||
 > 80 years | 3386 (24.7) | 3001 (24.5) | 385 (25.7) | ||
Sex | |||||
 Women | 13,721 | 5902 (43.0) | 5137 (42.0) | 765 (51.1) | < 0.001 |
 Men | 7819 (57.0) | 7087 (58.0) | 732 (48.9) | ||
Hypertension | 13,714 | 6944 (50.6) | 6261 (51.2) | 683 (45.7) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes Mellitus | 13,691 | 2617 (19.1) | 2363 (19.4) | 254 (17.1) | 0.034 |
Dyslipidemia | 13,708 | 5420 (39.5) | 4888 (40.0) | 532 (35.6) | 0.001 |
Obesity (BMI > 30) | 6,231 | 2102 (33.7) | 1916 (33.9) | 186 (31.8) | 0.30 |
Smoking status | |||||
 Never | 13,077 | 9130 (69.8) | 8058 (69.2) | 1072 (75.1) | < 0.001* |
 Former | 3254 (24.9) | 2995 (25.7) | 259 (18.2) | ||
 Current | 693 (5.3) | 597 (5.1) | 96 (6.7) | ||
Alcohol use disorder | 13,270 | 615 (4.6) | 555 (4.7) | 60 (4.1) | 0.33 |
Atrial fibrillation | 13,704 | 1535 (11.2) | 1372 (11.2) | 163 (10.9) | 0.68 |
Myocardial infarction | 13,703 | 1091 (8.0) | 975 (8.0) | 116 (7.8) | 0.75 |
Congestive heart failure | 13,708 | 975 (7.1) | 850 (7.0) | 125 (8.4) | 0.048 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 13,710 | 942 (6.9) | 849 (7.0) | 93 (6.2) | 0.29 |
Chronic bronchitis | 13,708 | 694 (5.1) | 627 (5.1) | 67 (4.5) | 0.28 |
Asthma | 13,706 | 1002 (7.3) | 888 (7.3) | 114 (7.6) | 0.63 |
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome | 13,643 | 832 (6.1) | 756 (6.2) | 76 (5.1) | 0.09 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 13,701 | 642 (4.7) | 565 (4.6) | 77 (5.2) | 0.37 |
Dementia | 13,708 | 1384 (10.1) | 1209 (9.9) | 175 (11.7) | 0.029 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 13,690 | 984 (7.2) | 864 (7.1) | 120 (8.0) | 0.18 |
Hemiplegia | 13,717 | 225 (1.6) | 200 (1.6) | 25 (1.7) | 0.93 |
Neurodegenerative disease | 13,713 | 1258 (9.2) | 1087 (8.9) | 171 (11.4) | 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 13,704 | 821 (6.0) | 746 (6.1) | 75 (5.0) | 0.09 |
Dialysis | 13,678 | 138 (1.0) | 123 (1.0) | 15 (1.0) | 0.29 |
Chronic liver disease | 13,675 | 505 (3.7) | 451 (3.7) | 54 (3.6) | 0.89 |
Cancer | 13,694 | 1113 (8.1) | 984 (8.1) | 129 (8.6) | 0.46 |
Solid metastatic tumor | 13,704 | 283 (2.1) | 248 (2.0) | 35 (2.3) | 0.43 |
Leukemia | 13,716 | 167 (1.2) | 157 (1.3) | 10 (0.7) | 0.040 |
Lymphoma | 13,706 | 194 (1.4) | 173 (1.4) | 21 (1.4) | 0.97 |
Peptic ulcer | 13,700 | 350 (2.6) | 310 (2.6) | 40 (2.7) | 0.76 |
Rare disease | 13,673 | 278 (2.0) | 248 (2.0) | 30 (2.0) | 0.95 |
Rheumatic disease | 13,696 | 318 (2.3) | 288 (2.4) | 30 (2.0) | 0.39 |
Organ transplantation | 13,563 | 166 (1.2) | 149 (1.2) | 17 (1.2) | 0.81 |
HIV infection | 13,677 | 94 (0.7) | 80 (0.7) | 14 (0.9) | 0.22 |
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) | 13,681 | 40 (0.3) | 35 (0.3) | 5 (0.3) | 0.80 |
Degree of dependence | |||||
 Independent or mild | 13,540 | 11,290 (83.4) | 10,096 (83.7) | 1194 (81.2) | 0.010 |
 Moderate | 1273 (9.4) | 1130 (9.4) | 143 (9.7) | ||
 Severe | 977 (7.2) | 843 (7.0) | 134 (9.1) | ||
Charlson Comorbidity Index, median (IQR) | 13,373 | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0.84 |
Age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index, median (IQR) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (1–5) | 3 (2–5) | 0.08 | |