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Tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases

This section aims to publish studies looking at all aspects of the prevention, diagnosis and management of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases in humans, including HIV-associated tuberculosis, as well as related molecular genetics, pathophysiology, and epidemiology.

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  1. Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health burden, with an estimated quarter of the world’s population being infected. The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the “End TB Strategy” in 2014 emphasising kno...

    Authors: Ana Bonell, Lucie Contamin, Pham Quang Thai, Hoang Thi Thanh Thuy, H. Rogier van Doorn, Richard White, Behzad Nadjm and Marc Choisy

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:184

    Content type: Research article

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  2. Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a serious public health problem with poor treatment outcomes. Predictors of poor outcomes vary in different regions. Vietnam is among the top 30 high burden of...

    Authors: Le Hong Van, Phan Trieu Phu, Dao Nguyen Vinh, Vo Thanh Son, Nguyen Thi Hanh, Le Thanh Hoang Nhat, Nguyen Huu Lan, Truong Van Vinh, Nguyen Thi Mai Trang, Dang Thi Minh Ha, Guy E. Thwaites and Nguyen Thuy Thuong Thuong

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:164

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) is an automated molecular test recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). This study evaluated the effect of Xpert implementation on the detection ...

    Authors: Zheyuan Wu, Zulma Vanessa Rueda, Tao Li, Zurong Zhang, Yuan Jiang, Wei Sha, Fangyou Yu, Jing Chen, Qichao Pan, Xin Shen and Zheng’an Yuan

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:153

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is thought to affect tuberculosis (TB) clinical presentation and treatment response. Whether DM impacts radiological manifestations of pulmonary TB is still not clear. This study investi...

    Authors: Nadia Nilda Barreda, Maria B. Arriaga, Juan Gonzalo Aliaga, Kattya Lopez, Oswaldo Martin Sanabria, Thomas A. Carmo, José F. Fróes Neto, Leonid Lecca, Bruno B. Andrade and Roger I. Calderon

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:139

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of avoidable deaths. Economic migrants represent a vulnerable population due to their exposure to medical and social risk factors. These factors expose them to higher ri...

    Authors: Luan Nguyen Quang Vo, Andrew James Codlin, Rachel Jeanette Forse, Hoa Trung Nguyen, Thanh Nguyen Vu, Vinh Van Truong, Giang Chau Do, Lan Huu Nguyen, Giang Truong Le and Maxine Caws

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:134

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) poses diagnostic challenges due to the paucibacillary nature of the disease. The immunochemistry-based MPT64 antigen detection test (MPT64 test) has shown promising results f...

    Authors: Ida Marie Hoel, Lisbet Sviland, Heidi Syre, Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise, Ingerid Skarstein, Peter Jebsen, Melissa Davidsen Jørstad, Harald Wiker and Tehmina Mustafa

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:130

    Content type: Research article

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  7. While several studies have assessed the associations between biological factors and tuberculosis (TB) transmission, our understanding of the associations between TB transmission and social and economic factors...

    Authors: Rebecca Tadokera, Linda-Gail Bekker, Barry N. Kreiswirth, Barun Mathema and Keren Middelkoop

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:120

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Currently available injectable agents are inadequate to address the high drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) burden in China. Regimens including the oral agent bedaquiline have been shown to be efficacious and...

    Authors: Abela Mpobela Agnarson, Xiao Chun Wang, Ravi Potluri, Hitesh Bhandari, Amit Dhir, Chrispin Kambili and Laurent Metz

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:113

    Content type: Research article

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  9. HIV and tuberculosis (TB) are intricably interlinked in South Africa. The social aspects of this co-epidemic remain relatively unexplored. More specifically, no research has quantitatively explored the double ...

    Authors: Edwin Wouters, Nina Sommerland, Caroline Masquillier, Asta Rau, Michelle Engelbrecht, André Janse Van Rensburg, Gladys Kigozi, Koen Ponnet and Wim Van Damme

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:106

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Urogenital tuberculosis (TB) is rare in children and usually develops due to reactivation of the foci in the genitourinary tract after the latency period following initial infection. Urogenital TB in children ...

    Authors: Darja Aleinikova, Ilva Pole, Janis Kimsis, Anita Skangale, Olga Bobrikova, Regina Kazelnika, Inta Jansone, Inga Norvaisa, Iveta Ozere and Renate Ranka

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:105

    Content type: Case report

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  11. The goal of tuberculosis elimination put forward in the End TB Strategy prioritizes diagnosis and treatment of incipient and subclinical TB, recently defined by key stakeholders as “asymptomatic, early pre-clinic...

    Authors: Gry Klouman Bekken, Christian Ritz, Sumithra Selvam, Nelson Jesuraj, Anneke C. Hesseling, T. Mark Doherty, Harleen M. S. Grewal, Mario Vaz and Synne Jenum

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:96

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Xpert® MTB/RIF assay is currently used in Ethiopia for the rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and mutations that confer Rifampicin resistance. Rifampicin resistance is determined based on any mut...

    Authors: Ayinalem Alemu, Mengistu Tadesse, Getachew Seid, Helina Mollalign, Kirubel Eshetu, Waganeh Sinshaw, Yeshiwork Abebaw, Misikir Amare, Biniyam Dagne, Getu Diriba, Bazezew Yenew, Melak Getu and Betselot Zerihun

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:87

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Macrophages play a key role in the infection process, and alternatively activated macrophages (M2 polarization) play important roles in persistent infection via the immune escape of pathogens. This suggests th...

    Authors: Hyun Jin Cho, Yun-Ji Lim, Jhingook Kim, Won-Jung Koh, Chang-Hwa Song and Min-Woong Kang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:81

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the most common causative pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), accounting for as many as 30–50% of CAP during peak years. An early and rapid diagnostic method is key fo...

    Authors: Guanhua Xue, Shaoli Li, Hanqing Zhao, Chao Yan, Yanling Feng, Jinghua Cui, Tingting Jiang and Jing Yuan

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:79

    Content type: Research article

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  15. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the World Health Organization antibiotic regimen for the treatment of paucibacillary (PB) and multibacillary (MB) leprosy compared to other available regimens.

    Authors: Maria Lazo-Porras, Gabriela J. Prutsky, Patricia Barrionuevo, Jose Carlos Tapia, Cesar Ugarte-Gil, Oscar J. Ponce, Ana Acuña-Villaorduña, Juan Pablo Domecq, Celso De la Cruz-Luque, Larry J. Prokop and Germán Málaga

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:62

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Compliance to anti-TB treatment is crucial in achieving cure and avoiding the emergence of drug resistance. Electronic health (eHealth) interventions are included in the strategy to end the global Tuberculosis...

    Authors: Kassahun Dessie Gashu, Kassahun Alemu Gelaye, Zeleke Abebaw Mekonnen, Richard Lester and Binyam Tilahun

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:42

    Content type: Research article

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  17. The WHO recently recommended the new Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay (Ultra) instead of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay because Ultra has improved sensitivity. We report the diagnostic accuracy of Ultra for tuberculous aden...

    Authors: Katherine Antel, Jenna Oosthuizen, Francois Malherbe, Vernon J. Louw, Mark P. Nicol, Gary Maartens and Estelle Verburgh

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:33

    Content type: Research article

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    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:187

  18. Pyrazinamide still may be a useful drug for treatment of rifampin-resistant (RR-TB) or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in China while awaiting scale up of new drugs and regimens including bedaquiline...

    Authors: Hui Xia, Susan van den Hof, Frank Cobelens, Yang Zhou, Bing Zhao, Shengfen Wang and Yanlin Zhao

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:19

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Recurrence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) after treatment occurs through relapse of the initial infection or reinfection by a new drug-resistant strain. Outbreaks of DR-TB in high burden regions presen...

    Authors: Kurt Wollenberg, Michael Harris, Andrei Gabrielian, Nelly Ciobanu, Dumitru Chesov, Alyssa Long, Jessica Taaffe, Darrell Hurt, Alex Rosenthal, Michael Tartakovsky and Valeriu Crudu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:17

    Content type: Research article

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  20. The Xpert® MTB/RIF assay (Xpert; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) is a cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification assay for rapidly diagnosing tuberculosis and assessing antibiotic sensitivity. Although previous e...

    Authors: Young Seok Seo, Ji-Man Kang, Dong Soo Kim and Jong Gyun Ahn

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:14

    Content type: Research article

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  21. In most developing countries, smear-negative pulmonary TB (SNPT) often gets missed from the diagnosis of consideration, though it accounts 30–65% of total PTB cases, due to deficient or inaccessible molecular ...

    Authors: Priyatam Khadka, Januka Thapaliya, Ramesh Bahadur Basnet, Gokarna Raj Ghimire, Jyoti Amatya and Basista Parsad Rijal

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1090

    Content type: Research article

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  22. At least 13–20% of all Tuberculosis (TB) cases are recurrent TB. Recurrent TB has critical public health importance because recurrent TB patients have high risk of Multi-Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB). It is criti...

    Authors: Simon Mutembo, Jane N. Mutanga, Kebby Musokotwane, Cuthbert Kanene, Kevin Dobbin, Xiaobai Yao, Changwei Li, Vincent C. Marconi and Christopher C. Whalen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1087

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Tuberculosis represents a serious public health problem and a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge worldwide. Molecular diagnostic techniques are crucial in the World Health Organization’s new tube...

    Authors: Youness Mechal, Elmostafa Benaissa, Nadia El mrimar, Yassine Benlahlou, Fatna Bssaibis, Adil Zegmout, Mariama Chadli, Yashpal S. Malik, Nadia Touil, Ahmed Abid, Adil Maleb and Mostafa Elouennass

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1069

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Contacting patients with tuberculosis have a substantial risk of developing the disease. Household contact screening has recently been recommended as a strategy to enhance case detection in high-burden countri...

    Authors: Dessie Alemnew Shiferaw, Habtamu Sewunet Mekonnen and Addisu Taye Abate

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1063

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Assessing the clinical relevance of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolated from respiratory samples can be challenging. The epidemiology and pathogenicity of NTM species vary geographically. We aimed to o...

    Authors: Yannick Vande Weygaerde, Nina Cardinaels, Peter Bomans, Taeyang Chin, Jerina Boelens, Emmanuel André, Eva Van Braeckel and Natalie Lorent

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1061

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Xpert® MTB/RIF (Xpert) has high sensitivity for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) compared to sputum-smear microscopy (smear) and can reduce time-to-diagnosis, time-to-treatment and potentially unfavorable patient-...

    Authors: Tefera Agizew, Violet Chihota, Sambayawo Nyirenda, Zegabriel Tedla, Andrew F. Auld, Unami Mathebula, Anikie Mathoma, Rosanna Boyd, Anand Date, Sherri L. Pals, Phenyo Lekone and Alyssa Finlay

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1058

    Content type: Research article

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  27. The risk factors for Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD) are not well known. We hypothesized that low serum estradiol (E2) levels are related to MAC-LD as most patients with MAC-LD are postmenopausa...

    Authors: Yoshifumi Uwamino, Tomoyasu Nishimura, Yasunori Sato, Eiko Tamizu, Takanori Asakura, Shunsuke Uno, Masaaki Mori, Hiroshi Fujiwara, Makoto Ishii, Hiroshi Kawabe, Mitsuru Murata and Naoki Hasegawa

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1055

    Content type: Research article

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    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:131

  28. Success of India’s TB control program relies on rapid case detection, monitoring, care and treatment of drug resistance. Patients on multidrug resistance (MDR) treatment are monitored by follow up cultures. Di...

    Authors: Kamal Singh, Richa Kumari, Rajneesh Tripathi, Ankush Gupta and Shampa Anupurba

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1048

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Molecular tests can allow the rapid detection of tuberculosis (TB) and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). TB-SPRINT 59-Plex Beamedex® is a microbead-based assay developed for the simultaneous spoligotyping and d...

    Authors: Regina Bones Barcellos, Isabela Neves de Almeida, Elisangela Costa da Silva, Harrison Magdinier Gomes, Lida Jouca de Assis Figueredo, Maria Laura Halon, Elis Regina Dalla Costa, Ícaro Rodrigues dos Santos, Maria Cláudia Vater, Suely Alves, Wânia da Silva Carvalho, Philip Suffys, Christophe Sola, Silvana Spíndola de Miranda, Maria Lucia Rossetti and Afrânio Kritski

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1047

    Content type: Research article

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  30. An increased number of refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia (MPP) cases have been reported. However the duration of MP infection in lower airway and the course of anti-MP treatment remains unclear.

    Authors: Jinrong Liu, Fei Zhao, Jie Lu, Hui Xu, Hui Liu, Xiaolei Tang, Haiming Yang, Jianzhong Zhang and Shunying Zhao

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1045

    Content type: Research article

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  31. Ligands of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) are key signalling molecules in the innate immune system but their role in tuberculosis-diabetes comorbidity (TB-DM) has not been investigated.

    Authors: Nathella Pavan Kumar, Kadar Moideen, Arul Nancy, Vijay Viswanathan, Basavaradhya S. Shruthi, Shanmugam Sivakumar, Syed Hissar, Hardy Kornfeld and Subash Babu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1039

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Leprosy is an ancient infectious disease with a global annual incidence that has plateaued above 200,000 new cases since over a decade. New strategies are required to overcome this stalemate. Post-exposure pro...

    Authors: Nimer Ortuno-Gutierrez, Assoumani Younoussa, Andriamira Randrianantoandro, Sofie Braet, Bertrand Cauchoix, Stéphanie Ramboarina, Abdallah Baco, Aboubacar Mzembaba, Zahara Salim, Mohamed Amidy, Saverio Grillone, Jan Hendrik Richardus, Bouke C. de Jong and Epco Hasker

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1033

    Content type: Study protocol

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  33. Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) is the principal causative agent of bovine tuberculosis; however, it may also cause serious infection in human being. Type I IFN is a key factor in reducing viral multiplication and...

    Authors: Jie Wang, Tariq Hussain, Kai Zhang, Yi Liao, Jiao Yao, Yinjuan Song, Naveed Sabir, Guangyu Cheng, Haodi Dong, Miaoxuan Li, Jiamin Ni, Mazhar Hussain Mangi, Deming Zhao and Xiangmei Zhou

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1031

    Content type: Research article

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  34. Leprosy is a neglected disease that poses a significant challenge to public health in Uganda. The disease is endemic in Uganda, with 40% of the districts in the country affected in 2016, when 42 out of 112 dis...

    Authors: Freda Loy Aceng, Herman-Joseph Kawuma, Robert Majwala, Maureen Lamunu, Alex Riolexus Ario, Frank Mugabe Rwabinumi, Julie R. Harris and Bao-ping Zhu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1016

    Content type: Research article

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  35. Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It is a polymorphic disease with a wide range of cutaneous and neural manifestations. Ulcer is not a common feature in leprosy patients...

    Authors: Denis Miyashiro, Carolina Cardona, Neusa Yuriko Sakai Valente, João Avancini, Gil Benard and Maria Angela Bianconcini Trindade

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1013

    Content type: Case report

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  36. Monocytes are the predominant innate immune cells at the early stage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection as the host defense against intracellular pathogens. Understanding the profile of different mon...

    Authors: Qianqian Liu, Qinfang Ou, Huaxin Chen, Yan Gao, Yuanyuan Liu, Yuzhen Xu, Qiaoling Ruan, Wenhong Zhang and Lingyun Shao

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1006

    Content type: Research article

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  37. Nontuberculous mycobacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium avium complex are recognized as opportunistic pathogens to humans. Mycobacterium arosiense is one of the novel members of the Mycobacterium avium complex...

    Authors: Didi Bang, Erik Michael Rasmussen and Aase Bengaard Andersen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:994

    Content type: Case report

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  38. The goal of this study was to further investigate the clinical effectiveness of the T-SPOT.TB test in diagnosing tuberculosis (TB), including the effects of T-SPOT.TB test on evaluating diverse TB types and locat...

    Authors: Yanfen Ma, Ruicheng Li, Jinghui Shen, Longmei He, Ying Li, Ning Zhang, Qian Wu, Jinling Zhang, Jie Zheng and Xiaoqin Wang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:993

    Content type: Research article

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  39. In recent years, tuberculosis outbreaks in schools have occurred more frequently in China than in other parts of the world, and have posed a public health threat to students and their families. This systematic...

    Authors: Hongdan Bao, Kui Liu, Zikang Wu, Xiaomeng Wang, Chengliang Chai, Tieniu He, Wei Wang, Fei Wang, Ying Peng, Bin Chen and Jianmin Jiang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:972

    Content type: Research article

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  40. In Vietnam, a country with a high tuberculosis (TB) burden, health professionals in both TB-specialized and non-TB-specialized general hospitals have a high risk of acquiring TB. The aims of the present study ...

    Authors: Chau Quy Ngo, Toshie Manabe, Giap Van Vu, Hanh Thi Chu, Trang Thi Thu Vu, Trang Thu Tran, Lan Thi Phuong Doan, Jin Takasaki and Koichiro Kudo

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:951

    Content type: Research article

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  42. Morbidity and mortality from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection remain significant in cancer patients. We evaluated clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes in patients with active Mtb infection...

    Authors: Joumana Kmeid, Prathit A. Kulkarni, Marjorie V. Batista, Firas El Chaer, Amrita Prayag, Ella J. Ariza-Heredia, Victor E. Mulanovich and Roy F. Chemaly

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:934

    Content type: Research article

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  43. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a major health and economic burden. Accurate PTB detection is an important step to eliminating TB globally. Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) has been reported as a po...

    Authors: Xia Qiu, Tao Xiong, Xiaojuan Su, Yi Qu, Long Ge, Yan Yue, Yan Zeng, Wenxing Li, Peng Hu and Dezhi Mu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:924

    Content type: Research article

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  44. Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) with detectable Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum is a major source of transmission. In resource limited TB endemic settings, cure is declared through sputum smear examination f...

    Authors: Atiqa Ambreen, Muhammad Jamil, Mohammad Aqeel ur Rahman and Tehmina Mustafa

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:923

    Content type: Research article

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  45. A bi-directional interaction between diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis is well established and has been likened to that between HIV and TB. Whereas HIV screening is standard of care test in sub Saharan Africa...

    Authors: Patricia J. Munseri, Henrika Kimambo and Kisali Pallangyo

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:915

    Content type: Research article

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  46. Disseminated nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections occur mostly in immunocompromised patients. Therefore, it is difficult to diagnose disseminated NTM infections in patients without history of immunocom...

    Authors: Yun-Kai Yeh, Jing-Ya Ding, Cheng-Lung Ku and Wei-Chih Chen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:909

    Content type: Case report

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  47. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern threathing the success of TB control efforts, and this is particularily problematic in Central Asia. Here, we present the first analysis of the...

    Authors: Anna Engström, Uladzimir Antonenka, Abdylat Kadyrov, Gulmira Kalmambetova, Katharina Kranzer, Matthias Merker, Olim Kabirov, Nargiza Parpieva, Asliddin Rajabov, Evgeni Sahalchyk, Zayniddin Sayfudtinov, Stefan Niemann and Harald Hoffmann

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:908

    Content type: Research article

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  48. The objectives of this study were to examine nutrient intakes of tuberculosis (TB) patients and to identify their associated factors.

    Authors: Zhewen Ren, Fei Zhao, Hui Chen, Dongmei Hu, Wentao Yu, Xiaoli Xu, Dingwen Lin, Fuyi Luo, Yueling Fan, Haijun Wang, Jun Cheng and Liyun Zhao

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:907

    Content type: Research article

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  50. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) requires lengthy use of second-line drugs, burdened by many side effects. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection increases risk of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) ...

    Authors: Maria Musso, Silvia Mosti, Gina Gualano, Paola Mencarini, Rocco Urso, Piero Ghirga, Alessia Rianda, Franca Del Nonno, Delia Goletti and Fabrizio Palmieri

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:882

    Content type: Case report

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