From: Biofilm formation by clinical isolates and the implications in chronic infections
 | A. baumannii | E. coli | K. pneumoniae | P. aeruginosa | S. aureus | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | n=53 | n=39 | n=54 | n=36 | n=23 | ||||||
% MDRa | 86.7%; 46/53 | 79.5%; 31/39 | 100% | 77.7%; 28/36 | 65.2%; 15/23 | ||||||
Antimicrobial | %b | %Biofilm Production | % | % Biofilm Production | % | % Biofilm Production | % | % Biofilm Production | % | % Biofilm Production | |
Aminoglycosides | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Amikacin | R | 67 | 65 | 10 | 33 | 20 | 83 | 25 | 67 | ND | ND |
S | 33 | 47 | 90 | 15 | 80 | 50 | 75 | 81 | ND | ND | |
Gentamicin | R | 90 | 89 | 47 | 14 | 93 | 79 | 39 | 75 | 3 | 100 |
S | 10 | 67 | 53 | 19 | 7 | 71 | 61 | 59 | 97 | 90 | |
Tobramycin | R | 70 | 81 | 53 | 19 | 53 | 81 | 23 | 90 | ND | ND |
S | 30 | 33 | 47 | 14 | 47 | 64 | 77 | 78 | ND | ND | |
Ansamycins | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Rifampin | R | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0 | 92 |
S | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 100 | 78 | |
Cephalosporins | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Cefazolin | R | ND | ND | 93 | 14 | 90 | 67 | 100 | 80 | 69 | 99 |
S | ND | ND | 7 | 50 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 50 | |
Cefepime | R | ND | ND | 77 | 9 | 93 | 82 | 63 | 79 | ND | ND |
S | ND | ND | 23 | 43 | 7 | 56 | 37 | 82 | ND | ND | |
Cefoxitin | R | ND | ND | 10 | 67 | 13 | 100 | 100 | 80 | 74 | 95 |
S | ND | ND | 90 | 11 | 87 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 60 | |
Cefotaxime | R | 80 | 63 | ND | ND | 93 | 68 | ND | ND | ND | ND |
S | 20 | 50 | ND | ND | 7 | 100 | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
Ceftazidime | R | 53 | 44 | 77 | 13 | 97 | 86 | 67 | 90 | ND | ND |
S | 47 | 93 | 23 | 29 | 3 | 33 | 33 | 60 | ND | ND | |
Ceftriaxone | R | ND | ND | 80 | 13 | 87 | 73 | 100 | 80 | ND | ND |
S | ND | ND | 20 | 33 | 13 | 69 | 0 | 0 | ND | ND | |
Carbepenems | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Imipenem | R | 67 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 86 | ND | ND |
S | 33 | 30 | 100 | 17 | 100 | 70 | 25 | 95 | ND | ND | |
Meropenem | R | 67 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | 78 | ND | ND |
S | 33 | 30 | 100 | 17 | 100 | 70 | 42 | 82 | ND | ND | |
Flouroquinolones | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Ciprofloxacin | R | 90 | 85 | 83 | 12 | 63 | 79 | 75 | 80 | ND | ND |
S | 10 | 33 | 17 | 40 | 37 | 45 | 25 | 100 | ND | ND | |
Levofloxacin | R | 57 | 71 | 83 | 12 | 50 | 80 | 80 | 92 | 50 | 93 |
S | 43 | 92 | 17 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 20 | 50 | 50 | 80 | |
Penicillins | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Ampicillin | R | 100 | 67 | 97 | 17 | 100 | 70 | 100 | 80 | 100 | 100 |
 | S | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Aztreonam | R | 100 | 67 | 73 | 9 | 97 | 90 | 73 | 73 | ND | ND |
S | 0 | 0 | 27 | 38 | 3 | 100 | 27 | 100 | ND | ND | |
Oxacillin | R | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 83 | 92 |
S | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 17 | 60 | |
Piperacillin | R | 93 | 71 | 13 | 0 | 30 | 78 | 67 | 75 | ND | ND |
S | 7 | 100 | 87 | 19 | 60 | 61 | 33 | 90 | ND | ND | |
Tetracyclines | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Tetracycline | R | 80 | 71 | 67 | 20 | 63 | 58 | ND | ND | 20 | 83 |
 | S | 20 | 50 | 33 | 10 | 37 | 91 | ND | ND | 80 | 88 |
Sulfonamides | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Trimeth-Sulfameth | R | 90 | 78 | 77 | 17 | 73 | 86 | 100 | 80 | 0 | 0 |
 | S | 10 | 50 | 23 | 14 | 27 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 1000 | 87 |