Group A: Clearance cases (n = 400) |
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1. Anti-HBs and anti-HBc positive or anti-HBs positive and no vaccination history; 2. HBV-DNA negative, HDAg negative and/or anti-HDV negative; 3. Anti HCV and HCV RNA negative; 4. ALT <40 IU/L and AST <45 IU/L at enrollment; and 5. Age ≥ 40. |
Group B: Persistent asymptomatic HBV infection (n = 400) |
1. HBsAg and anti-HBc positive; 2. Anti-HCV and HCV RNA negative; 3. Anti-HDV and/or HDAg negative; 4. At least 1 sibling or parent HBsAg positive; 5 ALT <40 and AST <45 IU/L for at least 5 years; 6. No clinical symptoms of hepatitis; 7. No clinical liver cirrhosis; and 8. Age ≥ 40. |
Group C: Chronic hepatitis B (n = 400) |
1. HBsAg and anti-HBc positive for at least 6 months; 2. Anti-HCV and HCV RNA negative; 3. Anti-HDV and/or HDAg negative; 4. At least 1 sibling or parent HBsAg positive; 5. ALT and/or AST levels greater than 2 times upper limits of normal range for testing hospital before or current; 6. No clinical evidence of liver cirrhosis; 7. Age ≥ 40. |
Group D: HBV-related decompensated liver cirrhosis (n = 400) |
1. HBsAg and anti-HBc positive; 2. Anti-HCV and HCV RNA positive; 3. Anti-HDV and/or HDAg negative; and 4. Liver cirrhosis with clinical presentation of gastroesophageal varication (3°) or a history of bleeding, or ascites, or edema, or encephalopathy, or serum Albumin < 35 g/L, total bilirubin > 35 μmol/L. |
Group E: HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 400) |
1. HBsAg and anti-HBc positive; 2. Anti-HCV and HCV RNA positive; 3. Anti-HDV and/or HDAg negative; and 4. HCC confirmed by biopsy or elevated AFP and sonography or CT or MRI. |
Group F: Hypernormal control group (n = 200) |
1. Anti-HBs, HBsAg and anti-HBc negative and no HB vaccination history; 2. Anti-HCV and HCV RNA; 3. Anti-HDV and/or HDAg negative; 4. ALT <40 and AST <45 IU/L; and 5. Age ≥ 40. |