Deconstructing the differences: a comparison of GBD 2010 and CHERG’s approach to estimating the mortality burden of diarrhea, pneumonia, and their etiologies

Table 4 Covariates used to estimate pneumonia/LRI and its etiologies in children under five in 2010/2011 [6,7]

	CHERG						GBD 2010
	Neonatal				Postneonatal		U5
	Severe infection		Pneumonia				Lower respiratory infection (LRI)
	VRMCM ^a	VAMCM ^b	VRMCM ^a	VAMCM ^b	VRMCM ^a	VAMCM ^b	CODEm ^c
Covariates for pneumonia/LRI U5 mortality	Early neonatal:	Neonatal mortality rate	Early neonatal:	Female literacy	All model covariates^d	All model covariates^d	Health care access
	Access to antenatal care	DPT vaccination coverage	Female literacy	Low birth weight			Hib3 vaccination coverage (country-level)
	Female literacy	Quad-DPT vaccination coverage	Neonatal mortality rate	Births with skilled attendant			Access to sanitation
	Indicator of the EMRO region	Period (early/late/overall)	Births with skilled attendant	Tetanus toxoid vaccine coverage at birth			Access to water
	Late neonatal:		Indicator of the EMRO region				Malnutrition in under 2
	Female literacy		Late neonatal:				Education
	U5 mortality rate		Access to antenatal care				Population density
	Births with skilled attendant		Indicator of the EMRO region
	Low birth weight		General fertility rate
	Indicator of the EMRO region		Births with skilled attendant
Covariates for pneumonia/LRI etiologic fractions	Pneumococcal vaccination coverage						Inpatient or outpatient/community-based settings (study-level)
							Hib3 vaccination coverage (country-level)
							Health system access (country-level)

^aVital registration multi-cause model, ^bverbal autopsy multi-cause model, ^ccause of death ensemble model, ^dfor details, see Liu et al., Lancet, 2012 web appendices.

ISSN: 1471-2334