| Setting | Population | Tested N | Anorectal CT % (n) | Had RAI % (n) | Not had RAI % (n) | Anorectal CT In women with RAI % (n) | Anorectal CT In women without RAI % (n) | Genital CT % (n) | Genital and/or anorectal CT | Single anorectal CT in genital and/or anorectal positives | Single anorectal CT in anorectal positives |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Routine systematic testing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
van Liere et al. [10] | STI clinic, South Limburg, Netherlands ’12–‘13 | All | 654 | 8.4 % (55/654) | 31.0 % @6 (203/654) | 69.0 % @6 (451/654) | 7.9 % (16/203) | 8.6 % (39/451) | 11.2 % (73/654) | 11.6 % (76/654) | 3.9 % (3/76) | 5.4 % (3/55) |
Van Liere et al. [11] | STI clinic, South Limburg, Netherlands ’10–‘12 | Swingers | 461 | 6.7 % (31/461) | 29.5 % @6 (136/461) | 70.5 % @6 (325/461) | 3.5 % (16/136) | 4.6 % (15/325) | 6.3 % (29/461) | 7.8 % (36/461) | 19.4 % (7/36) | 22.6 % (7/31) |
Peters et al. [12] | Primary health care facilities South Africa ’11–‘12 | All | 603 | 7.1 % (43/603) | 4.3 % @6 (26/603) | 95.7 % @6 (577/603) | 3.8 % (1/26) | 7.3 % (42/577) | 16.0 % (96/603) | 17.7 % (107/603) | 10.3 % (11/107) | 25.6 % (11/43) |
Ostergaard et al. [27] | STI clinic, Denmark ’95–‘96 | All | 196 | 5.6 % (11/196) | 43.9 % @e (86/196) | 56.1 % @e (110/196) | 4.7 % (4/86) | 6.4 % (7/110) | 14.5 % (25/173) | 15.6 % (27/173) | 7.4 % (2/27) | 18.2 % (2/11) |
 | Testing on indication of RAI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ||
Trebach et al. [28] | 2 public health STI clinics, Baltimore, USA ’11–‘13 | Had RAI, sharing toys | 602 | 8.6 % (52/602) | 100 % @3 | 0% | 8.6 % (52/602) | N/A | 9.4 % (50/532) | 11.8 % (63/532) | 25.4 % (13/63) | 26.0 % (13/50) |
Bachmann et al. [24] | STI clinics, hospital-based HIV clinics, USA ’03–‘07 | Had RAI, STD contact | 99 | 27.3 % (27/99) | 40.4 % @2 (40/99) | 59.6 % @2 (59/99) | 17.5b % (7/40) | 33.9 % (20/59) | 23.2 % (23/99) | 30.3 % (30/99) | 23.3 % (7/30) | 25.9 % (7/27) |
Van der Helm et al. [25] | STI clinics, Amsterdam, South Limburg, Netherlands, ’06–‘07 | Had RAI | 901 | 9.3 % (84/901) | 100 % @6 | 0 % | 9.3 % (84/901) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Sethupathi et al. [19] | STI clinic Singleton hospital, UK ’06–‘08 | Had RAI, STD contact, symptoms, assault | 160 | 12.5 % (20/160) | 51.2 % @u (82/160) | 48.8 % @u (78/160) | 12.2 % (10/82) | 12.8 % (10/78) | 14.1 % (22/156) | 14.7 % (23/156) | 4.3 % (1/23) | 5.0 % (1/20) |
Koedijk et al. [18] | STI clinics Netherlands ’06–‘10 | Had RAI, symptoms, prostitution | 18,238 | 9.3 % (1695/18,238) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 9.4 % (1709/18,238) | 11.7 % (2139/18,238) | 20.1 % (430/2139) | 25.4 % (430/1695) |
Hunte et al. [16] | STI clinic Miami USA ‘07 | Had RAI | 97 | 17.5 % (17/97) | 100 % @3 | 0 % | 17.5 % (17/97) | N/A | 16.5 % (16/97) | 17.5 % (17/97) | 5.9 % (1/17) | 5.9 % (1/17) |
Peters et al. [22] | STI clinic, The Hague, Netherlands,’07–‘08 | Had RAI | 850 | 8.8 % (75/850) | 100 % @6 | 0 % | 8.8 % (75/850) | N/A | 8.9 % (76/850) | 10.8 % (92/850) | 20.7 % (16/92) | 21.3 % (16/75) |
Javanbakt et al. [17] | STI clinics USA ’08–‘10 | Had RAI | 1203 | 14.6 % (171/1203) | 100 % @3 | 0 % | 14.6 % (171/1203) | N/A | 12.0 % (144/1203) | 16.0 % (193/1203) | 25.4 % (49/193) | 28.7 % (49/171) |
Shaw et al. [23] | STI clinic UK, before ‘13 | Had RAI | 312 | 7.1 % (22/312) | 100 % @u | 0 % | 7.1 % (22/312) | N/A | 6.7 % (194/3043) | N/A | N/A | 22.7 % (5/22) |
Cosentino et al. [29] | STI clinic Health department; HIV clinic, Pittsburgh, USA ’09–‘10 | Had RAI | 272 | 7.7 % (21/272) | 100 % @e | 0 % | 7.7 % (21/272) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Garner et al. [15] | Manchester Centre for Sexual Health, UK ‘10 | Had RAI | 91 | 6.6 % (6/91) | 100 % @u | 0 % | 6.6 % (6/91) | N/A | N/A | 9.4 % (59/631) | N/A | 16.7 % (1/6) |
Bazan et al. [13] | Student health clinic Seattle, before ‘93 | Had RAI | 341 | 13.5 % (46/341) | 100 % @12 | 0 % | 13.5 % (46/341) | N/A | N/A | 14.7 % (49/334) | 12.2 % (6/49) | 13.6 % (6/44) |
 | Testing on indication of genital CT |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
Ding et al. [26] | STI clinic Plymouth, UK ’12–‘13 | Had genital CT | 97 | 77.3 % (75/97) | 25.8 % @u (25/97) | 74.2 % @u (72/97) | 80.0 % (20/25) | 76.4 % (55/72) | 100 % | 100 % | N/A | N/A |
Musil et al. [30] | Canberra Sexual Health Centre, Australia ’13–’14 | Had genital CT, contact, symptoms | 56 | 57.1 % (32/56) | 33.9 % @6 (19/56) | 66.1 % @6 (37/56) | 57.9 % (11/19) | 56.8 % (21/37) | 76.8 % (43/56) | 78.6 % (44/56) | 2.3 % (1/44) | 3.1 % (1/32) |
 | Testing on indication of Pelvic examination (PE) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |||
Gratrix et al. [21] | STI clinic, Calgary, Canada ‘12 | Received PE | 1570 | 11.7 % (183/1570) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 7.1 % (110/1543) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Gratrix et al. [21] | STI clinic, Edmonton, Canada. ‘12 | Received PE | 1485 | 13.5 % (201/1485) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 12.6 % (177/1403) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Barry et al. [20] | STI clinic, San Francisco, USA, 07–‘08 | Received PE | 1308 | 5.1 % (67/1308) | 21.8 % @3 (256/1173) | 78.2 % @3 (917/1173) | 4.3 % (11/256) | 4.8 % (44/917) | 5.9 % (76/1308) | 6.7 % (88/1308) | 15.9 % (14/88) | 21.8 % (14/67) |
 | Self-triage Internet |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ladd et al. [14] | Internet iwantthekit.org, USA ’09–‘11 | Self-request | 205 | 12.7 % (26/205) | 57.5 % @3 (118/205) | 42.5 % @3 (87/205) | N/A | N/A | 17.6 % (35/201) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
 | Peer-intervention (social network) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
Dukers-Muijrers et al. [31] | ‘Open population’ South Limburg Netherlands, ’13–14 | Test provided by a friend (social network) | 58 | 6.9 % (4/58) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 6.9 % (4/58) | 8.6 % (5/58) | 20.0 % (1/5) | 25.0 % (1/4) |