Subgroup | Community Setting N = 51 | P value* | |
---|---|---|---|
Pooled resistance | |||
Risk of bias | Low and unclear n = 28 studies | 0.221 | <0.0001 |
High n = 23 studies | 0.337 | ||
Study durationa | ≤12 months n = 25 studies | 0.323 | <0.0001 |
>12 months n = 24 studies | 0.219 | ||
Economy | Developed n = 16 studies | 0.141 | <0.0001 |
Developing n = 35 studies | 0.345 | ||
Region | Africa, Asia and Middle East n = 29 studies | 0.361 | <0.0001 |
Europe, North and South America n = 22 studies | 0.174 | ||
Age groupa | Adults and children b n = 24 studies | 0.265 | <0.0001 |
Adults only n = 19 studies | 0.302 | ||
UTI symptoms | Symptomatic and asymptomatic patients n = 11 studies | 0.185 | <0.0001 |
Symptomatic patients only n = 40 studies | 0.295 |