Table 1 Predisposing factors in 2977 patients with invasive pneumococcal disease: proportion, incidence rates and risk of death

Cardiovascular disease

720 (24)

126

18

2.35 (1.90–2.92)^a

Pulmonary disease

531 (18)

51

10

0.97 (0.73–1.29)

- COPD

307 (10)

38

12

1.29 (0.94–1.78)

49,000

48

3.52 (3.12–3.98)^a

- Asthma

145 (5)

4

3

0.27 (0.10–0.71)^b

130,000

9

0.57 (0.48–0.68)^b

Malignancy

485 (16)

87

18

2.16 (1.71–2.72)^a

72,000

52

4.09 (3.69–4.52)^a

- Haematological

257 (9)

35

14

1.43 (1.03–1.99)^a

4900

403

29.16 (25.66–33.13)^a

- - Myeloma

128 (4)

23

18

1.89 (1.28–2.78)^a

440

2238

154.37 (132.51–179.84)^a

- - Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia

53 (2)

4

8

0.76 (0.29–1.96)

950

429

28.86 (22.13–37.63)^a

- Solid tumors

158 (5)

50

32

3.66 (2.82–4.73)^a

67,200

18

1.26 (1.07–1.48)^a

- - Lung

52 (2)

21

40

4.33 (3.05–6.13)^a

1200

333

22.40 (17.11–29.33)^a

- - Breast

23 (1)

0

0

n.a.

14,600

12

0.81 (0.53–1.22)

- - Colon

22 (1)

4

18

1.85 (0.76–4.53)

4600

37

2.44 (1.61–3.72)^a

- - Prostate

46 (2)

5

11

1.10 (0.48–2.54)

11,900

30

1.99 (1.49–2.67)^a

Diabetes mellitus

336 (11)

36

11

1.10 (0.79–1.52)

60,500

43

3.18 (2.83–3.57)^a

Autoimmune Disease

227 (8)

26

11

1.17 (0.80–1.72)

- Rheumatoid Arthritis

80 (3)

8

10

1.01 (0.52–1.97)

8500

72

4.91 (3.93–6.14)^a

- Polymyalgia rheumatica

44 (1)

7

16

1.63 (0.82–3.23)

- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

23 (1)

2

9

0.88 (0.23–3.32)

830

213

14.19 (9.64–21.28)^a

Liver disease

99 (3)

11

11

1.13 (0.64–1.99)

Renal disease

109 (4)

17

16

1.61 (1.03–2.53)^a

- Haemodialysis

17 (1)

5

29

3.01 (1.43–6.34)^a

385

340

22.56 (14.15–35.98)^a

- Peritoneal dialysis

5 (0)

1

20

2.03 (0.35–11.75)

137

281

18.57 (7.85–43.96)^a

Immune deficiency

93 (3)

7

8

0.76 (0.37–1.55)

- HIV

13 (0)

1

8

0.78 (0.12–5.13)

407

246

16.30 (9.53–27.87)^a

- Bone Marrow Transplant

20 (1)

2

10

1.01 (0.27–3.79)

- Hypogammaglobulinemia

22 (1)

0

0

- MGUS

26 (1)

2

8

0.59 (0.16–2.26)

17,000

12

0.81 (0.56–1.19)

Immunosuppressive treatment

279 (9)

36

13

1.35 (0.97–1.87)

Asplenia

41 (1)

5

12

1.24 (0.54–2.84)

1500

210

14.08 (10.38–19.10)^a

Alcohol Dependency

220 (7)

23

10

1.06 (0.71–1.59)

≥ 1 predisposing factor^e

1994 (67)

257

12.9

3.43 (2.45–4.81)^a

All Episodes

2977 (100)

294

9.9

1,512,233

15