High-risk human papillomavirus infection and abnormal cervical cytology among Nepali and Bhutanese refugee women living in eastern Nepal

Table 4 Multivariable Analyses of Risk Factors for High-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection and Abnormal Cervical Cytology in a Sample of Nepali and Bhutanese Women Living in Eastern Nepal

Risk Factor	High-risk HPV (n = 527)		Abnormal Cervical Cytology^Ɨ (n = 476)
Risk Factor	aOR (95% CI)^§	p- value	aOR (95% CI)^§	p- value
Nationality
Nepali	1.00	-	1.00	-
Bhutanese	1.31 (0.59–2.92)	0.5046	1.05 (0.34–3.19)	0.9368
Age, years
45–69	1.00	-	1.00	-
19–44	2.06 (0.84–5.04)	0.1141	0.92 (0.35–2.44)	0.8665
Formal education
None	1.00	-	1.00	-
Some	0.72 (0.35–1.49)	0.3780	0.93 (0.37–2.30)	0.8662
Husband migrated for work
No	1.00	-	1.00	-
Outside the district	3.30 (1.13–9.64)	0.0294	1.13 (0.14–9.00)	0.9112
Outside the country	1.14 (0.53–2.48)	0.7346	2.92 (1.32–6.49)	0.0084

^ƗCervical cytology classification: “Normal” includes: benign cellular changes, WNL results Within Normal Limits, ASCUS Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance, or actinomycosis; “Abnormal” includes: ASC-H Atypical Squamous Cells- cannot exclude High-grade, LSIL Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion, HSIL High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion, AGUS Atypical Glandular Cells of Undetermined Significance; and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (none in this sample)
^§aOR (95% CI) = adjusted odds ratio (95% Confidence Interval); multivariable models included all the variables listed for each outcome

ISSN: 1471-2334