Immunological recovery in tuberculosis/HIV co-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: implication for tuberculosis preventive therapy

Table 2 Change in biomarkers since cART initiation among HIV-infected patients in the ClinSurv HIV cohort, 1999-2013

Biomarkers	Estimated change over time on cART (per year)	P value
CD4+ count	43.9 cells per μl (95% CI 43.1 to 44.6)	<0.001
CD8+ count	−27.9 cells per μl (95% CI −28.6 to −27.2)	<0.001
CD4:CD8 ratio	0.06 (95% 0.06 to 0.07)	<0.001
Viral load	−0.1 log₁₀ copies per ml (95% CI −0.1 to −0.1)	<0.001
Biomarkers	Estimated mean of difference in change of biomarkers between cART-treated patients developing TB vs. those who remained free of TB	P value
CD4+ count	−33 cells per μl (95% CI −44.6 to 21.2)	0.001
CD8+ count	−72 cells per μl (95% CI −84.6 to 1.7)	0.1
CD4:CD8 ratio	−0.01 (95% CI −0.03 to 0.01)	0.2
Viral load	0.01 log₁₀ copies per ml (−0.04 to 0 .06)	0.7

cART combination antiretroviral therapy, TB tuberculosis, IQR interquartile range
Longitudinal mixed models adjusted for sex, geographical origin, HIV transmission routes, age, year of cART initiation and baseline value of biomarkers (CD4+ count, CD8+ count, and viral load) and including interaction term between time and TB

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