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Table 2 Factors associated with incident HCV infection in HIV-positive people (n = 2079)

From: Hepatitis C testing and re-testing among people attending sexual health services in Australia, and hepatitis C incidence among people with human immunodeficiency virus: analysis of national sentinel surveillance data

 

Incident infections

Person years

Rate per 100 person years (95% CI)

Univariate IRR (95% CI)

p

Multivariate IRR (95% CI)

p

Age

 Every additional 5 years

157

6279.7

2.5 (2.1–2.9)

0.8 (0.8–0.9)

<0.01

0.9 (0.8–0.9)

<0.01

Sex

 Male

141

5772.2

2.4 (2.1–2.9)

1.0

   

 Female

16

507.5

3.2 (1.9–5.1)

1.3 (0.8–2.2)

0.33

  

Country of birth

 Australia

99

4316.1

2.3 (1.9–2.8)

1.0

   

 Other

58

1963.6

3.0 (2.3–3.8)

1.3 (0.9–1.8)

0.13

  

Place of residence

 Major city

132

3795.0

3.5 (2.9–4.1)

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Regional/remote

25

2414.6

1.0 (0.7–1.5)

0.3 (0.2–0.5)

<0.01

0.3 (0.2–0.5)

<0.01

 Unknown

0

70.1

–

–

 

–

 

Sexual orientation

 MSM

115

4950.0

2.3 (1.9–2.8)

0.7 (0.5–1.1)

0.15

0.5 (0.4–0.8)

0.01

 Heterosexual male

26

820.5

3.2 (2.2–4.7)

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Unknown

16

509.1

3.1 (1.9–5.1)

–

 

–

 

Ever performed sex work

 No

151

6086.7

2.5 (2.1–2.9)

1.0

   

 Yes

6

192.9

3.1 (1.4–6.9)

1.3 (0.6–2.8)

0.59

  

Ever injected drugs

 No

111

5249.1

2.1 (1.8–2.5)

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Yes

46

795.6

5.8 (4.3–7.7)

2.7 (1.9–3.9)

<0.01

2.5 (1.8–3.5)

<0.01

 Unknown

0

234.9

–

–

 

–

 

Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander

 No

146

5992.9

2.4 (2.1–2.9)

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Yes

11

286.8

3.8 (2.1–6.9)

1.6 (0.9–2.9)

0.15

2.0 (1.1–3.7)

0.03

Current CD4 cell count (cells/mm3)

  ≥ 500

34

1648.2

2.1 (1.5–2.9)

1.0

   

  < 500

17

1116.1

1.5 (0.9–2.5)

0.7 (0.4–1.3)

0.31

  

 Unknown

106

3515.4

3.0 (2.5–3.6)

–

   

Current HIV RNA

 Undetectable

63

2647.6

2.4 (1.9–3.0)

1.0

   

 Detectable

21

869.0

2.4 (1.6–3.7)

1.0 (0.6–1.7)

0.95

  

 Unknown

73

2763.1

2.6 (2.1–3.3)

–

   

Current ART use

 Yes

74

3008.6

2.5 (2.0–3.1)

1.0

   

 No

10

508.0

2.0 (1.1–3.7)

0.8 (0.4–1.5)

0.51

  

 Unknown

73

2763.1

2.6 (2.1–3.3)

–

   

Current time period

 2007–09

8

1027.6

0.8 (0.4–1.6)

1.0

 

1.0

 

 2010–11

21

1385.5

1.5 (1.0–2.3)

1.8 (0.8–4.1)

0.15

1.7 (0.8–3.9)

0.19

 2012–13

77

1960.5

3.9 (3.1–4.9)

4.5 (2.2–9.4)

<0.01

4.1 (2.0–8.5)

<0.01

 2014–15

51

1906.0

2.7 (2.0–3.5)

2.6 (1.2–5.4)

0.01

2.2 (1.1–4.7)

0.04

  1. Missing categories were included in models but coefficients are not shown. HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; CI, confidence interval; IRR, incidence rate ratio; MSM, men who have sex with men; ART, antiretroviral therapy
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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