Reference | Country | Study setting | Study design | Study period | Population | Children’s age | Vaccine type | Maternal education parameter | Quality |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al-Sheikh et al. 1999a [17] | Iraq | Urban | Cross-sectional | 1989–1994 | 341 families (186 urban), 662 children (326 urban) | 0–2 years | BCG, DPT-OPV(3), measles, MMR, DPT-OPV(1st booster) | Illiterate; Reads and writes; Primary; Intermediate; Secondary; Institute; College; Postgraduate | Weak |
Al-Sheikh et al. 1999b [17] | Iraq | Rural | Cross-sectional | 1989–1994 | 341 families (155 rural), 662 children (336 rural) | 0–2 years | Completion of BCG, DPT-OPV(3), measles, MMR, DPT-OPV(1st booster) | Illiterate; Reads and writes; Primary; Intermediate; Secondary; Institute; College; Postgraduate | |
Animaw et al., 2014 [24] | Ethiopia | Region | Cross-sectional | March 2013 | 630 children | 12–23 months | 1 dose BCG, 3 doses Polio, 3 doses Pentavalant, 3 doses PCV, 1 dose Measles | None; Primary school; High school | Moderate |
Antai 2009 [4] | Nigeria | National | Cross-sectional | 2003 | Interviews from 3725 women aged 15 to 49Â years with 6029 live born children | 12Â months and older | BCG, Polio (3), DPT (3) and Measles vaccinations | No education; Primary; Secondary or higher | Moderate |
Antai 2012 [20] | Nigeria | National | Cross-sectional | 2008 | 24,910 women aged 15–49 years with live-born children within 5 years before the survey | 12 months to 5 years | 8 childhood vaccinations in the EPI – BCG, DPT 3 doses, OPV 3 doses, and measles vaccine | No education; Primary school; Secondary school or higher | Moderate |
Bbaale et al. 2013 [25] | Uganda | National | Cross-sectional | 2006 | 7591 children | 12–36 months | Full vaccination, BCG, DPT, Polio, Measles vaccinations | None, primary, secondary, post-secondary | Moderate |
Branco et al. 2014 [26] | Brazil | Urban | Cross-sectional | January 2010 | 282 children | 12–59 months | 1 dose BCG, 3 doses Hep B, 3 doses DTP-Hib, 3 doses OPV, 2 doses Rotavirus, 1 dose Yellow fever, 1 dose MMR | 0–8 years of schooling; >8 years of schooling | Moderate |
Brenner et al. 2001 [27] | USA | Urban | Cohort | August 1995 to September 1996 | 369 singleton births from 3 hospitals from low-income, inner-city patients | Cohort followed until 7 months | UTD at 7 months if had received 3 DTP, 3 HIB, and 2 polio vaccinations | <12 years; ≥12 years | Strong |
Calhoun et al. 2014 [28] | Kenya | Region | Cross-sectional | June–July 2003 | 244 children | 12–23 months | 3 doses Polio, 1 dose BCG, 1 dose Measles, 3 doses DPT or pentavalent | Years of schooling: 0–8, 8 or more | Moderate |
Chhabra et al. 2007 [29] | India | Urban | Cross-sectional | October 2003 to January 2004 | 693 children | 24–47 months | BCG, DPT and OPV (3 primary and booster), measles and MMR | Nil; 1–8 years; >8 years | Moderate |
Danis et al. 2010 [18] | Greece | National | Cross-sectional | Academic year 2004–2005 | 3609 parent/ guardian-child pairs 3434 pairs in the final analysis. Children in first year of Greek grammar school | 6–7 years (Mean age 6.76 years) | 5 doses of DTP vaccine, 5 doses of poliomyelitis vaccine, 2 doses of MMR vaccine, 3 doses of HBV vaccine and full vaccination for Hib | <9 years; 9–11 years; 12 years (high school); College/ university graduate | Moderate |
Elliott et al. 2006a [30] | India | Rural | Cross-sectional | September 2003 | 470 families | 9Â months | BCG, OPV (4), DPT (3) and measles | Illiterate; Literate | Weak |
Elliott et al. 2006b [30] | India | Rural | Cross-sectional | September 2003 | 470 families | 18Â months | BCG, OPV (5), DPT (4) and measles | Illiterate; Literate | |
Elliott et al. 2006c [30] | India | Rural | Cross-sectional | September 2003 | 470 families | 6Â years | BCG, OPV (5), DPT (4), measles and DT | Illiterate; Literate | |
Fatiregun et al. 2012 [31] | Nigeria | Region | Cross-sectional | 2007 | 540 interviews, 525 respondents mothers of children | 12–23 months | BCG, dose of measles, three doses (1,2,3) of DPT, four doses (0–3) of OPV | Primary/ secondary; Post secondary | Moderate |
Fatiregun et al. 2013 [32] | Nigeria | Region | Cross-sectional | 2006 | 1178 mothers | 12–23 months | BCG, 4 doses OPV, 3 doses DPT, 3 doses Hetaptitis B | Tertiary education; Secondary education; Primary education; None | Moderate |
Huq et al. 2008 [33] | Bangladesh | National | Cross-sectional | 1999–2000 | 755 children | 12–23 months | BCG and measles vaccinations and all 3 doses of the DPT and polio vaccines | Below primary; Secondary; Higher secondary | Moderate |
Jahn et al. 2008 [34] | Malawi | Rural | Cross-sectional | 21st August 2002 to 22nd July 2004 | 5418 children | Under 5 years old | BCG, OPV3, DPT3 and measles vaccine before their 1st birthday | <5 years primary; Primary 5 + years; Sec./tert. | Moderate |
Kidane et al. 2003 [35] | Ethiopia | Region | Cross-sectional | 2000 | 220 households | 12–23 months | BCG, measles, 3 doses of DPT/OPV | Illiterate; Literate | Weak |
Koumaré et al. 2009 [36] | Mali | Region | Cross-sectional | July 2006 | 750 children | 12–23 months | BCG, DTCP1, DTCP2, and DTCP3 and measles | Mother not educated; Mother educated | Weak |
Kumar et al. 2010 [37] | India | Hospital/ Urban | Cross-sectional | April to July 2007 | 325 children (148 males, 177 females) admitted to paediatrics ward at a tertiary care hospital | 12–60 months | BCG, 3 doses of DPT/OPV and measles | ≤primary; >primary | Weak |
Luman et al. 2003 [38] | USA | National | Cross-sectional | July 2000– June 2001 | 21,212 children | 19 to 35 months | 4 doses of DPT vaccine, 3 doses of poliovirus vaccine, 1 dose of MMR vaccine, 3 or 4 doses of Hib vaccine, and 3 doses of HBV vaccine (the 4:3:1:3:3 series). | <High school; High school; >High school; College graduate | Moderate |
Mohamud et al. 2014 [39] | Ethiopia | Region | Cross-sectional | 10 April 2011–5 May 2011 | 582 households | 12–23 months | 1 dose BCG, 1 dose Measles, 3 doses pent/OPV before 1 year of age | Illiterate; Literate | Moderate |
Odusanya et al. 2008 [40] | Nigeria | Rural | Cross-sectional | September 2006 | 339 mothers and children | 12–23 months | BCG, 3 doses of OPV & DTP, 3 doses of HBV and measles vaccine | None/ primary; Secondary/ university | Moderate |
Okoro et al. 2014 [41] | Nigeria | Region | Cross-sectional | May to December | 168 children | 6 months – 5 years | Full schedule (not specified) | No formal education; Primary; Secondary; Post-secondary; University | Moderate |
Pati et al. 2011 [42] | USA | Urban | Cohort | June 15th 2005 to August 6th 2006 | 506 Medicaid-eligible mother-infant dyads | Cohort followed until 7Â months | UTD at 7Â months if received 3 HepB, 2 polio, at least 2 Hib, 3 PCV7 and 3 DTaP containing vaccines | Less than high school; High school; More than high school | Moderate |
Phukan et al. 2008 [43] | India | Region | Cross-sectional | June and July 2003 | 616 children | 12–23 months | 6 EPI vaccines in time | Illiterate; Primary; Middle; Higher | Weak |
Robert et al. 2014a [44] | Belgium | Region | Cross-sectional | 2012 | 519 children | 18–24 months | Hexavalent, pneumococcal, MMR, meningococcal C | Maximum secondary level; Higher than secondary level | Moderate |
Robert et al. 2014b [44] | Belgium | Region | Cross-sectional | 2012 | 538 children | 18–24 months | Hexavalent, pneumococcal, MMR, meningococcal C | Maximum secondary level; Higher than secondary level | |
Rossi et al. 2015 [45] | Zimbabwe | National | Cross-sectional | 2010–2011 | 1031 children | 12–23 months | 1 dose BCG, 1 dose Measles, 3 doses of Polio, 3 doses DPT/Pentavalent | No education or primary; Secondary or higher | Moderate |
Schoeps et al. 2013 [46] | Burkina Faso | Region | Cross-sectional | September 2008 – December 2009 | 1665 children | 12–23 months | BCG, Oral Polio, Pentavalent, yellow fever, measles | Any; None | Moderate |
Setse et al. 2006 [47] | Zambia | Hospital/ Urban | Cross-sectional | January 1998 and October 2000 | 473 children hospitalised with measles- 372 in subgroup analysis | 4 and 60Â months | BCG and completed the series of DTP and OPV vaccines. | Less than 7Â years; 7Â years; Greater than 7Â years | Moderate |
Sia et al. 2009 [5] | Burkina Faso | Rural | Cross-sectional | 1998 | 805 children | 12–23 months | BCG, measles, yellow fever vaccines and 3 doses of DTP and OPV | No schooling; Primary or secondary school | Moderate |
Singh et al. 2000 [48] | India | National | Cross-sectional | June–October 1999 | 18,783 children | 12–23 months | BCG, DPT, OPV, Measles | Illiterate; Primary; Middle; Higher secondary; Graduate | Weak |
Singh et al. 2001 [49] | India | Region | Cross-sectional | June–October 1999 | 6171 children | 12–32 months | BCG, DPT, OPV, Measles | Illiterate; Primary Middle; Higher secondary; Graduate | Weak |
Som et al. 2010 [50] | India | Region | Cross-sectional | 2002 to 2004 | 1279 children | 12–35 months | BCG, 3 injections of DPT, 3 doses of polio (excluding polio 0) and 1 of measles | Can’t read and write; Can read and write | Moderate |
Streatfield et al. 1990 [51] | Indonesia | Rural | Cross-sectional | 1989 | 519 mother-child dyads | Under the age of 5Â years | DPT, BCG, and anti-polio | Not literate; Some primary; Complete primary; Secondary school | Weak |
Thang et al. 2007 [52] | Vietnam | National | Cross-sectional | 2002 | 468 children | 11–23 months | BCG vaccination 3 doses of DPT vaccine; at least 3 doses of polio vaccine; and 1 dose of measles vaccine | Illiterate; Lower primary; Completed primary; Completed secondary; Completed high school + | Moderate |
Torun et al. 2006 [53] | Turkey | Region | Cross-sectional | 2005 | Parents of 221 children | 9Â month-6Â years of age | <18Â months completely vaccinated if had 1 dose of BCG, 3 doses of HBV, OPV and DPT and 1 dose of Measles vaccine. >18Â months completely vaccinated if had booster doses for OPV and DPT vaccines | Illiterate; Graduated primary school; Graduated secondary school or higher education | Moderate |
Waters et al. 2004a [54] | Cameroon | National | Cross-sectional | 1998 | 2123 children | Younger than 3Â years | By 6Â weeks- 1st dose of DPT and the 2nd dose of polio vaccine; By 10Â weeks- 2nd dose of DPT and the 3rd dose of polio vaccine; By 14Â weeks- 3rd DPT dose; By 9Â months- measles vaccine | Less than primary school; Primary school; Secondary education; Higher education | Moderate |
Waters et al. 2004b [54] | Cameroon | National | Cross-sectional | 2000 | 3582 children | Younger than 5Â years | Less than primary school; Primary school Secondary education or higher education | ||
Yadav et al. 2004 [55] | India | Regional | Cross-sectional | June–October 1999 | 1481 children | 12–23 months | BCG, DPT3, OPV3, Measles | Illiterate; Primary; Middle; Hr. Secondary; Graduate | Weak |