Table 1 Characteristics of 416 adult patients with invasive pneumococcal disease according to gastrointestinal symptoms at admission to Aker University Hospital between 1993 and 2008
From: Gastrointestinal symptoms in invasive pneumococcal disease: a cohort study
No gastrointestinal symptoms (308 patients) | Gastrointestinal symptoms (108 patients) | p-valuea | Gastrointestinal symptoms only (47 patients) | p-valuea | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years): | ||||||||
Mean (95% CI) | 67.1 | (65.2–69.0) | 59.1 | (55.6–62.7) | < 0.001 | 55.7 | (50.2–61.3) | < 0.001 |
Median (5–95 percentile) | 70.7 | (33.0–89.7) | 58.8 | (25.9–86.7) | 56.2 | (23.2–88.4) | ||
Days hospitalizedb: | ||||||||
Mean (95% CI) | 16.0 | (13.9–18.2) | 12.8 | (10.5–15.1) | 0.053 | 13.5 | (9.7–17.3) | 0.192 |
Median (5–95 percentile) | 10.0 | (1–45) | 9.0 | (11–32) | 10.0 | (1–35) | ||
Male (%) | 137 | (44.5) | 46 | (42.6) | 0.734 | 18 | (38.3) | 0.426 |
Inflammatory markers at admission: | ||||||||
Mean CRP (95% CI)c | 274.6 | (256.2–293.0) | 290.0 | (257.3–322.7) | 0.405 | 247.1 | (205.8–288.5) | 0.274 |
WBC < 4 or > 12 (%)d | 209 | (69.9) | 72 | (69.9) | 1.000 | 32 | (71.1) | 0.869 |
Comorbidities (%): | ||||||||
Cardiovascular disease | 129 | (41.9) | 23 | (21.3) | < 0.001 | 9 | (19.2) | 0.003 |
Pulmonary disease | 90 | (29.2) | 21 | (19.4) | 0.048 | 7 | (14.9) | 0.040 |
Cancer | 62 | (20.1) | 12 | (11.1) | 0.035 | 5 | (10.6) | 0.121 |
Diabetes | 25 | (8.1) | 10 | (9.3) | 0.713 | 4 | (8.5) | 1.000 |
Risk factors (%): | ||||||||
Steroid use | 32 | (10.4) | 7 | (6.5) | 0.231 | 3 | (6.4) | 0.598 |
Smoking | 127 | (41.2) | 38 | (35.2) | 0.269 | 19 | (40.4) | 0.916 |
Alcohol | 35 | (11.4) | 11 | (10.2) | 0.737 | 6 | (12.8) | 0.779 |
Immunosuppressede | 48 | (15.6) | 11 | (10.2) | 0.166 | 4 | (8.5) | 0.269 |