Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants
Variable | Number | Study groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control: N (%) | T2DM: N (%) | χ2 | P value | ||
Total of participants | 300 | 150 (50) | 150 (50) | – | – |
Gender | |||||
 Male | 150 | 75 (50) | 75 (50) |  |  |
 Female | 150 | 75 (50) | 75 (50) | 0.000 | 1.000 |
Age | |||||
 21–40 Years | 91 | 71 (78) | 20 (22) |  |  |
 41–60 Years | 133 | 51 (38.3) | 82 (61.7) | 41.071 | <0.000 |
 61–80 Years | 76 | 28 (36.8) | 48 (63.2) |  |  |
Residence | |||||
 Urban | 196 | 105 (53.6) | 91 (46.4) |  |  |
 Rural | 104 | 45 (43.3) | 59 (56.7) | 2.885 | 0.089 |
Marital status | |||||
 Married | 250 | 114 (45.6) | 136 (54.4) |  |  |
 Single | 50 | 36 (72) | 14 (28) | 11.616 | 0.001 |
Water Source | |||||
 Purified river water | 190 | 101 (53.2) | 89 (46.8) |  |  |
 Un purified river water | 52 | 21 (40.4) | 31 (59.6) | 4.762 | 0.190 |
 Boreholes water | 36 | 20 (55.6) | 16 (44.4) |  |  |
 Hafir water | 22 | 8 (36.4) | 14 (63.6) |  |  |
Education level | |||||
 No formal | 73 | 35 (47.9) | 38 (52.1) |  |  |
 Primary school | 106 | 38 (35.8) | 68 (64.2) | 17.725 | 0.001 |
 Secondary school | 52 | 34 (65.4) | 18 (34.6) |  |  |
 University | 69 | 43 (62.3) | 26 (37.7) |  |  |
Occupation | |||||
 Unemployee | 144 | 75 (52.1) | 69 (47.9) |  |  |
 Employee | 63 | 31 (49.2) | 32 (50.8) |  |  |
 Business | 51 | 28 (54.9) | 23 (45.1) | 3.645 | 0.456 |
 Farmer | 24 | 8 (33.3) | 16 (66.7) |  |  |
 Driver | 18 | 8 (44.4) | 10 (55.6) |  |  |