Table 5 Comparison of serum cytokines levels across the different infection groups
Parameters (pg/mL) | Infection status | *P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Un-infected | P. falciparum mono-infection | HBV mono-infection | P. falciparum/HBV co-infection | ||
Pro-inflammatory cytokines | Median (IQR), n | ||||
TNF-α | 11.52 (8.55–13.85) 11 | 8.26 (4.49–26.63) 4 | 11.44 (6.93–12.56) 9 | 12.95 (10.97–15.59) 9 | 0.290 |
IL-1β | 4.56 (2.67–6.34) 9 | 2.94 (1.97–4.14) 3 | 3.07 (2.65–4.09) 6 | 3.55 (3.12–4.82) 7 | 0.442 |
IL-6 | 37.09 (24.44–48.26) 11 | 32.13 (19.09–165.8) 3 | 28.70 (22.68–39.35) 9 | 34.52 (37.59–55.42) 10 | 0.686 |
IFN-γ | 6.00 (3.18–8.30) 10 | 7.79 (3.22–16.00) 3 | 6.99 (5.70–9.38) 8 | 6.10 (3.74–9.85) 9 | 0.801 |
IL-8 | 47.38 (7.71–395.00) 9 | 10.17 (5.51–20.22) 3 | 12.99 (10.54–19.48) 5 | 15.93 (9.15–23.60) 5 | 0.546 |
IL-12 | 2.97 (1.82–5.02) 10 | 3.87 (2.87–4.00) 3 | 4.54 (3.75–5.12) 7 | 5.68 (3.93–6.32) 9 | 0.154 |
Anti-inflammatory cytokines | Median (IQR), n | ||||
IL-10 | 17.18 (11.82–25.67) 9 | 24.86 (15.06–49.26) 3 | 23.20 (11.86–47.39) 8 | 27.41 (17–99.52) 9 | 0.201 |
IL-7 | 16.67 (11.33–21.49) 11 | 10.40 (6.70–18.81) 4 | 17.54 (11.85–23.66) 9 | 19.50 (16.79–25.00) 10 | 0.190 |
IL-13 | 19.65 (15.86–35.49) 9 | 27.47 (25.36–41.54) 3 | 25.55 (13.11–38.54) 8 | 31.50 (21.60–35.35) 8 | 0.763 |