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Table 2 Laboratory results from all COVID-19 hospitalised patients at admission by registered sex, stratified on all admitted patients, patients admitted to an ICU, and non-survivors. Only the first contact contributed. Multiple laboratory systems are used in the Danish healthcare system to analyse biochemical samples. These systems may be used with model adapted reference ranges. In this table the reference ranges are medians of all the reporting laboratories and as a result the reference ranges are only intended as interpretation assistance. Groups with less than five patients are presented as < 5. P-values< 0.05 are bold

From: First wave of COVID-19 hospital admissions in Denmark: a Nationwide population-based cohort study

Laboratory parameters (unit)

Median reference interval

Baseline biochemistry for all admitted patients

Baseline biochemistry for patients later admitted to an ICU

Baseline biochemistry for non-survivors in the follow-up period

Male n = 1315

Female n = 1116

 

Male n = 212

Female n = 84

 

Male n = 244

Female n = 161

 
 

n (%)

median (ICR)

n (%)

median (ICR)

p-value

n (%)

median (ICR)

n (%)

median (ICR)

p-value

n (%)

median (ICR)

n (%)

median (ICR)

p-value

Acute phase reactants

 C-reactive protein (mg/L)

< 7

960 (73)

73.25 (35.50–130.00)

813 (73)

50.00 (21.10–99.50)

< 0.001

200 (79)

120.67 (64.13–190.00)

71 (67)

78.67 (39.00–127.08)

0.0025

235 (85)

94.00 (49.75–154.00)

157 (88)

74.50 (40.00–130.00)

0.13

 Ferritin (μg/L)

15–245

320 (24)

730.50 (332.21–1426.50)

269 (24)

284.67 (137.50–577.00)

< 0.001

66 (26)

1160.00 (622.38–1990.00)

20 (19)

646.00 (372.63–1137.25)

0.011

70 (25)

710.00 (314.50–1474.50)

44 (25)

329.00 (161.13–709.25)

0.015

 Procalcitonin (μg/L)

< 0.30

200 (15)

0.20 (0.09–0.60)

141 (13)

0.08 (0.05–0.22)

0.16

62 (25)

0.46 (0.20–1.35)

17 (16)

0.23 (0.14–0.62)

0.18

40 (14)

0.58 (0.17–1.41)

19 (11)

0.16 (0.10–0.35)

0.010

 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm)

2.0–17.5

< 5

 

6 (1)

38.50 (16.25–55.50)

 

< 5

 

< 5

  

< 5

 

< 5

  

 Haptoglobin (g/L)

0.35–2.05

9 (1)

2.83 (1.69–3.50)

13 (1)

1.84 (1.59–4.02)

0.97

< 5

 

< 5

  

< 5

 

< 5

  

Haematology

 Haemoglobin (mmol/L)

6.60–9.65

955 (73)

8.32 (7.45–9.05)

815 (73)

7.83 (7.10–8.40)

< 0.001

202 (80)

8.30 (7.65–9.06)

73 (69)

7.74 (6.88–8.40)

< 0.001

230 (83)

7.90 (6.70–8.73)

154 (87)

7.69 (6.58–8.26)

0.16

 White blood cell count (×  109/L)

4.45–13.30

959 (73)

6.65 (5.05–9.06)

810 (73)

6.14 (4.60–8.60)

0.28

201 (79)

7.30 (5.30–10.20)

71 (67)

6.30 (4.63–8.43)

0.12

233 (84)

7.05 (5.35–9.90)

157 (88)

7.75 (5.30–10.70)

0.58

 Lymphocyte count (× 109/L)

1.20–4.00

870 (66)

0.92 (0.70–1.30)

753 (67)

1.05 (0.75–1.41)

0.029

179 (71)

0.83 (0.61–1.10)

65 (61)

0.84 (0.60–1.13)

0.89

209 (75)

0.80 (0.60–1.13)

139 (78)

0.90 (0.63–1.30)

0.67

 Neutrophil count (× 109/L)

1.60–7.10

701 (53)

4.90 (3.50–7.25)

579 (52)

4.50 (2.95–6.55)

0.13

139 (55)

5.96 (4.20–8.53)

51 (48)

5.30 (3.57–7.10)

0.084

165 (60)

5.45 (3.75–8.17)

112 (63)

6.60 (3.98–8.63)

0.40

 Monocyte count (× 109/L)

0.20–1.20

870 (66)

0.50 (0.30–0.70)

753 (67)

0.50 (0.30–0.70)

0.59

179 (71)

0.40 (0.25–0.56)

65 (61)

0.40 (0.23–0.60)

0.72

209 (75)

0.45 (0.30–0.70)

139 (78)

0.50 (0.31–0.80)

0.11

 Basophil count (× 109/L)

0.00–0.20

870 (66)

0.00 (0.00–0.05)

753 (67)

0.00 (0.00–0.05)

0.96

179 (71)

0.00 (0.00–0.05)

65 (61)

0.00 (0.00–0.05)

0.46

209 (75)

0.00 (0.00–0.03)

139 (78)

0.00 (0.00–0.03)

0.71

 Platelet count (× 109/L)

145–555

932 (71)

198.00 (153.00–250.13)

802 (72)

217.50 (171.00–290.75)

< 0.001

199 (79)

200.00 (152.25–263.33)

73 (69)

197.50 (150.50–270.50)

0.47

225 (81)

189.00 (140.00–242.00)

154 (87)

217.75 (159.13–299.75)

0.0029

Organ-specific markers

 Alanine transaminase (U/L)

8–45

889 (68)

32.00 (22.00–52.00)

754 (68)

24.50 (17.50–39.00)

0.044

188 (74)

37.50 (26.00–66.25)

67 (63)

26.00 (20.00–39.58)

0.59

214 (77)

29.50 (19.25–47.63)

139 (78)

22.00 (16.00–33.00)

0.92

 Aspartate transaminase (U/L)

15–40

39 (3)

46.00 (30.00–69.25)

31 (3)

32.00 (24.00–49.50)

0.94

18 (7)

61.75 (43.00–74.50)

< 5

  

6 (2)

50.50 (27.50–82.50)

< 5

  

 Bilirubin (μmol/L)

3.40–21.50

891 (68)

9.25 (7.00–13.00)

759 (68)

7.00 (5.00–10.00)

< 0.001

188 (74)

9.90 (7.00–13.50)

67 (63)

7.60 (6.40–11.00)

0.58

218 (79)

9.55 (6.57–13.00)

140 (79)

7.83 (5.00–10.13)

0.99

 Amylase (U/L)

25–112.5

447 (34)

60.00 (42.75–82.00)

382 (34)

56.00 (41.00–78.00)

0.10

96 (38)

54.75 (41.00–79.13)

36 (34)

55.00 (36.13–96.88)

0.39

120 (43)

66.33 (43.00–93.00)

69 (39)

61.00 (40.00–88.00)

0.39

 Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)

50–284

838 (64)

68.58 (55.00–94.00)

718 (64)

76.00 (59.00–97.00)

0.54

171 (68)

67.00 (52.00–96.00)

57 (54)

66.00 (52.00–110.00)

0.84

208 (75)

74.00 (57.00–115.50)

134 (75)

88.50 (67.00–111.50)

0.29

 Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)

138–271

817 (62)

288.50 (217.00–382.00)

689 (62)

247.00 (198.50–330.00)

< 0.001

166 (66)

400.00 (306.75–548.42)

62 (58)

336.67 (231.38–528.13)

0.16

198 (71)

302.50 (231.63–436.25)

123 (69)

270.00 (224.50–380.00)

0.010

 Troponin I (ng/L)

< 45

86 (7)

19.25 (11.03–39.00)

78 (7)

14.68 (7.10–44.08)

0.31

24 (9)

31.00 (13.68–60.38)

12 (11)

25.40 (13.69–68.75)

0.97

12 (4)

31.60 (11.95–58.25)

15 (8)

50.00 (34.00–135.50)

0.14

 Creatine kinase [muscle brain] (μg/L)

0.00–5.50

61 (5)

1.10 (1.00–2.80)

48 (4)

1.00 (1.00–2.00)

0.94

13 (5)

2.30 (1.30–3.00)

6 (6)

1.00 (1.00–1.23)

0.23

11 (4)

3.00 (1.55–7.85)

11 (6)

2.00 (1.00–4.30)

0.68

 Creatine kinase (U/L)

40–260

151 (11)

150.00 (84.75–463.00)

93 (8)

80.00 (48.00–160.00)

< 0.001

31 (12)

257.00 (133.00–854.00)

5 (5)

126.00 (38.00–144.50)

0.039

32 (12)

220.00 (99.63–744.50)

17 (10)

84.00 (32.50–127.00)

0.0044

 Thyroid-stimulating hormone (10−3 IU/L)

0.55–4.65

190 (14)

1.10 (0.70–1.74)

174 (16)

1.30 (0.71–2.12)

0.80

33 (13)

1.03 (0.43–1.53)

17 (16)

0.93 (0.66–1.66)

0.56

42 (15)

1.05 (0.69–1.92)

31 (17)

1.50 (0.80–1.90)

0.43

 Creatinine (μmol/L)

36.50–62.00

783 (60)

92.50 (77.00–120.00)

706 (63)

68.88 (57.00–88.00)

< 0.001

158 (62)

99.75 (82.38–125.00)

62 (58)

82.50 (65.63–113.25)

0.28

204 (74)

112.00 (89.25–157.50)

144 (81)

80.75 (65.50–124.08)

< 0.001

 Glomerular filtration rate (estimated) (mL/min)

> 59.50

956 (73)

72.00 (51.00–88.00)

809 (72)

77.00 (55.00–90.00)

0.0094

201 (79)

67.50 (52.50–85.50)

72 (68)

64.25 (51.25–82.75)

0.34

235 (85)

52.50 (35.17–71.25)

157 (88)

59.00 (36.00–76.00)

0.32

 Urea (mmol/L)

2.60–7.50

844 (64)

6.93 (5.00–10.26)

715 (64)

5.70 (3.80–8.80)

< 0.001

178 (70)

7.80 (6.15–11.38)

67 (63)

7.10 (4.92–10.68)

0.92

209 (75)

10.40 (7.60–15.00)

134 (75)

9.05 (6.03–15.04)

0.53

 Transferrin (μg/L)

25.00–43.00

37 (3)

21.48 (17.34–23.87)

42 (4)

24.18 (19.72–28.11)

0.034

< 5

 

< 5

  

< 5

 

7 (4)

17.71 (16.04–26.88)

 

Coagulation

 D-dimer (U/L)

< 0.65

345 (26)

1.10 (0.61–2.00)

245 (22)

0.71 (0.43–1.58)

0.043

83 (33)

1.40 (0.88–2.31)

22 (21)

0.82 (0.55–1.08)

0.011

70 (25)

1.74 (0.84–3.48)

40 (22)

1.38 (0.55–3.80)

0.85

 International normalized ratio (INR)

0.80–1.20

888 (68)

1.10 (1.00–1.20)

754 (68)

1.00 (1.00–1.10)

< 0.001

187 (74)

1.05 (1.00–1.15)

66 (62)

1.02 (1.00–1.10)

0.32

217 (78)

1.10 (1.00–1.20)

141 (79)

1.05 (1.00–1.10)

0.062

 Coagulation. tissue factor-induced

0.65–1.30

265 (20)

0.93 (0.79–1.06)

207 (19)

0.99 (0.85–1.17)

< 0.001

53 (21)

1.01 (0.87–1.11)

22 (21)

0.89 (0.83–1.06)

0.30

66 (24)

0.93 (0.80–1.10)

39 (22)

0.91 (0.84–1.14)

0.48

 Partial thromboplastin time (s)

25.00–38.00

136 (10)

32.00 (24.50–38.25)

105 (9)

29.00 (24.50–35.00)

0.12

35 (14)

34.00 (27.00–37.00)

9 (8)

32.00 (25.00–33.00)

0.18

29 (10)

31.00 (26.00–36.00)

23 (13)

29.00 (27.00–38.50)

0.81

 Fibrinogen (μmol/L)

5.40–10.90

60 (5)

15.50 (12.20–20.20)

49 (4)

13.30 (10.80–15.30)

0.0064

16 (6)

19.50 (15.02–21.93)

< 5

  

11 (4)

13.00 (11.30–16.95)

8 (4)

11.80 (9.85–14.55)

0.24

Fluid and electrolyte balance

 Sodium (mmol/L)

136–145

953 (72)

137.00 (134.67–139.50)

812 (73)

138.00 (135.25–140.00)

0.026

200 (79)

137.00 (134.00–139.04)

72 (68)

137.25 (134.30–139.00)

0.82

231 (83)

138.50 (135.00–142.00)

155 (87)

139.00 (135.50–142.00)

0.56

 Potassium (mmol/L)

3.35–5.10

951 (72)

3.85 (3.56–4.10)

809 (72)

3.70 (3.50–4.00)

0.0019

200 (79)

3.85 (3.50–4.11)

72 (68)

3.79 (3.40–4.16)

1.00

230 (83)

3.93 (3.56–4.30)

154 (87)

3.90 (3.55–4.20)

0.73

 Calcium ion (mmol/L)

1.18–1.37

481 (37)

1.17 (1.13–1.20)

385 (34)

1.19 (1.15–1.23)

< 0.001

103 (41)

1.14 (1.10–1.17)

42 (40)

1.15 (1.12–1.20)

0.063

129 (47)

1.16 (1.11–1.19)

88 (49)

1.18 (1.14–1.23)

0.0072

Metabolism

 Glucose (mmol/L)

2.90–7.80

748 (57)

7.00 (6.10–8.43)

657 (59)

6.53 (5.80–7.80)

< 0.001

156 (62)

7.50 (6.50–9.91)

56 (53)

7.48 (6.47–9.62)

0.74

187 (68)

7.25 (6.30–9.05)

124 (70)

6.80 (5.79–8.80)

0.036

 HbA1c (mmol/L)

5.40–7.50

167 (13)

41 (36.5–50)

165 (15)

39 (36–45)

0.10

29 (11)

41.5 (37–64)

14 (13)

41 (36–54)

0.62

38 (14)

42 (36–48)

29 (16)

38 (34–42)

0.21

 Triglyceride (mmol/L)

0.49–2.30

116 (9)

1.21 (0.91–1.62)

93 (8)

1.36 (1.05–1.88)

0.14

26 (10)

1.53 (1.20–2.00)

5 (5)

1.52 (1.36–1.54)

0.26

31 (11)

1.21 (0.99–1.58)

15 (8)

1.67 (1.15–2.39)

0.17

 Albumin (g/L)

35–47

928 (71)

31.00 (27.00–34.50)

783 (70)

31.00 (27.50–35.00)

0.22

194 (77)

29.17 (25.50–33.38)

70 (66)

29.17 (26.00–33.00)

0.64

228 (82)

29.00 (25.00–33.00)

147 (83)

29.50 (24.75–32.50)

0.92

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