Table 3 Laboratory results from all COVID-19 hospitalised patients at admission, stratified on ICU admission and survival, as well as a comparison between biochemistry at hospitalisation for all patients and biochemistry at ICU admission for patients admitted to an ICU. Only the first contact contributed
From: First wave of COVID-19 hospital admissions in Denmark: a Nationwide population-based cohort study
Laboratory parameters (unit) | Median reference interval | Baseline biochemistry for not ICU admitted patients and ICU admitted patients | Baseline biochemistry for survivors and non-survivors | Baseline biochemistry at hospitalization and at ICU admission | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Not ICU admitted n = 2072 | ICU admitted n = 359 | Survivors n = 1976 | Non-Survivors n = 455 | Hospitalisation n = 2431 | ICU admission n = 359 | |||||||||||
n (%) | median (ICR) | n (%) | median (ICR) | p-value | n (%) | median (ICR) | n (%) | median (ICR) | p-value | n (%) | median (ICR) | n (%) | median (ICR) | p-value | ||
Acute phase reactants | ||||||||||||||||
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | < 7 | 1502 (72) | 55,25 (24,00–105,00) | 271 (75) | 110,00 (54,75-182,00) | < 0.001 | 1381 (70) | 55,50 (22,50-107,33) | 392 (86) | 83,50 (44,88-149,00) | < 0.001 | 1773 (73) | 62,00 (27,50-116,00) | 278 (77) | 150,00 (100,00–246,75) | < 0.001 |
Ferritin (μg/L) | 15–245 | 503 (24) | 417,00 (189,50–910,50) | 86 (24) | 1018,50 (545,00–1907,50) | < 0.001 | 475 (24) | 469,00 (199,00–1047,50) | 114 (25) | 596,50 (214,75-1269,25) | 0.084 | 589 (24) | 496,00 (200,00–1080,00) | 128 (36) | 1235,00 (721,25-2112,50) | < 0.001 |
Procalcitonin (μg/L) | < 0.30 | 262 (13) | 0,10 (0,06-0,26) | 79 (22) | 0,43 (0,19-1,26) | 0.25 | 282 (14) | 0,12 (0,06-0,35) | 59 (13) | 0,33 (0,13-0,82) | 0.65 | 341 (14) | 0,14 (0,06-0,41) | 147 (41) | 0,67 (0,27-1,92) | 0.038 |
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm) | 2.0–17.5 | 6 (0) | 44,00 (28,75-55,50) | < 5 | 7 (0) | 37,00 (19,50-54,00) | < 5 | 7 (0) | 37,00 (19,50-54,00) | |||||||
Haptoglobin (g/L) | 0.35–2.05 | 16 (1) | 2,39 (1,62-3,78) | 6 (2) | 1,70 (1,62-2,88) | 0.46 | 20 (1) | 1,87 (1,60-3,78) | < 5 | 22 (1) | 1,92 (1,61-3,68) | 12 (3) | 3,10 (1,50-4,48) | 0.51 | ||
Haematology | ||||||||||||||||
Haemoglobin (mmol/L) | 6.60–9.65 | 1495 (72) | 8,00 (7,20-8,80) | 275 (77) | 8,20 (7,40-8,85) | 0.23 | 1386 (70) | 8,10 (7,40-8,82) | 384 (84) | 7,77 (6,69-8,54) | < 0.001 | 1770 (73) | 8,05 (7,25-8,80) | 279 (78) | 7,72 (6,85-8,37) | < 0.001 |
White blood cell count (× 109/L) | 4.45–13.30 | 1497 (72) | 6,37 (4,80-8,64) | 272 (76) | 6,95 (5,19-9,96) | 0.12 | 1379 (70) | 6,23 (4,71-8,51) | 390 (86) | 7,30 (5,35-10,20) | 0.0027 | 1769 (73) | 6,45 (4,85-8,90) | 280 (78) | 8,89 (6,03-12,04) | < 0.001 |
Lymphocyte count (× 109/L) | 1.20–4.00 | 1379 (67) | 1,00 (0,70-1,40) | 244 (68) | 0,83 (0,60-1,10) | < 0.001 | 1275 (65) | 1,00 (0,74-1,40) | 348 (76) | 0,85 (0,60-1,20) | 0.037 | 1623 (67) | 1,00 (0,70-1,40) | 231 (64) | 0,80 (0,60-1,10) | < 0.001 |
Neutrophil count (× 109/L) | 1.60–7.10 | 1090 (53) | 4,52 (3,20-6,61) | 190 (53) | 5,63 (3,94-8,40) | 0.0015 | 1003 (51) | 4,50 (3,20-6,38) | 277 (61) | 5,55 (3,85-8,56) | < 0.001 | 1280 (53) | 4,70 (3,30-6,90) | 187 (52) | 7,50 (5,13-9,95) | < 0.001 |
Monocyte count (× 109/L) | 0.20–1.20 | 1379 (67) | 0,50 (0,35-0,70) | 244 (68) | 0,40 (0,25-0,60) | < 0.001 | 1275 (65) | 0,50 (0,30-0,70) | 348 (76) | 0,50 (0,30-0,74) | 0.23 | 1623 (67) | 0,50 (0,30-0,70) | 231 (64) | 0,33 (0,20-0,51) | < 0.001 |
Basophil count (× 109/L) | 0.00–0.20 | 1379 (67) | 0,00 (0,00-0,05) | 244 (68) | 0,00 (0,00-0,05) | 0.70 | 1275 (65) | 0,00 (0,00-0,05) | 348 (76) | 0,00 (0,00-0,03) | 0.16 | 1623 (67) | 0,00 (0,00-0,05) | 231 (64) | 0,00 (0,00-0,05) | 0.57 |
Platelet count (× 109/L) | 145–555 | 1462 (71) | 208,50 (162,38-269,00) | 272 (76) | 200,00 (151,38-266,00) | 0.086 | 1355 (69) | 208,75 (164,00–269,75) | 379 (83) | 200,00 (149,75-263,33) | 0.044 | 1734 (71) | 207,33 (160,50-269,00) | 279 (78) | 228,00 (178,67-301,00) | 0.0023 |
Organ-specific markers | ||||||||||||||||
Alanine transaminase (U/L) | 8–45 | 1388 (67) | 27,50 (19,00-44,50) | 255 (71) | 34,00 (23,50-57,83) | 0.013 | 1290 (65) | 29,00 (20,00-48,00) | 353 (78) | 26,00 (18,00-41,50) | 0.28 | 1643 (68) | 28,50 (19,00-46,00) | 259 (72) | 40,25 (27,00-67,00) | 0.0038 |
Aspartate transaminase (U/L) | 15–40 | 50 (2) | 35,00 (24,25-49,75) | 20 (6) | 58,50 (41,00–73,50) | 0.066 | 61 (3) | 42,00 (27,00-57,00) | 9 (2) | 29,00 (28,00–72,00) | 0.94 | 70 (3) | 41,50 (27,25-60,75) | 59 (16) | 62,00 (38,75-94,75) | 0.065 |
Bilirubin (μmol/L) | 3.40–21.50 | 1395 (67) | 8,00 (6,00–11,00) | 255 (71) | 9,00 (7,00–13,00) | 0.021 | 1292 (65) | 8,00 (6,00–11,00) | 358 (79) | 9,00 (6,00–12,00) | 0.23 | 1650 (68) | 8,00 (6,00–11,50) | 255 (71) | 10,57 (7,50-14,83) | 0.0018 |
Amylase (U/L) | 25–112.5 | 697 (34) | 58,00 (43,00–80,33) | 132 (37) | 54,75 (40,00–80,25) | 0.77 | 640 (32) | 57,00 (42,00–78,13) | 189 (42) | 63,00 (42,50–92,00) | 0.026 | 829 (34) | 57,00 (42,00–80,33) | 116 (32) | 59,00 (40,00-93,88) | 0.064 |
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 50–284 | 1328 (64) | 72,25 (57,50–95,00) | 228 (64) | 66,75 (52,00-97,63) | 0.67 | 1214 (61) | 69,00 (56,00-92,00) | 342 (75) | 79,00 (60,00–114,50) | < 0.001 | 1556 (64) | 72,00 (57,00-96,00) | 228 (64) | 76,50 (57,00–128,50) | 0.0093 |
Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 138–271 | 1278 (62) | 255,00 (200,00–331,00) | 228 (64) | 388,50 (283,75-540,25) | < 0.001 | 1185 (60) | 261,00 (201,00–347,00) | 321 (71) | 296,00 (230,00-421,00) | < 0.001 | 1506 (62) | 269,00 (206,00–360,00) | 249 (69) | 483,50 (345,50-610,00) | < 0.001 |
Troponin I (ng/L) | < 45 | 128 (6) | 15,00 (8,45-35,25) | 36 (10) | 28,50 (13,69-60,38) | 0.92 | 137 (7) | 15,00 (8,30-33,90) | 27 (6) | 47,00 (22,00–70,25) | 0.11 | 164 (7) | 17,50 (8,98-42,38) | 58 (16) | 32,95 (13,80-72,40) | 0.14 |
Creatine kinase [muscle brain] (μg/L) | 0.00–5.50 | 90 (4) | 1,00 (1,00-2,00) | 19 (5) | 1,50 (1,00-3,00) | 0.69 | 87 (4) | 1,00 (1,00-2,00) | 22 (5) | 2,15 (1,08-4,88) | 0.018 | 109 (4) | 1,00 (1,00-2,30) | 32 (9) | 1,85 (1,00-3,88) | 0.17 |
Creatine kinase (U/L) | 40–260 | 208 (10) | 105,25 (58,75-261,25) | 36 (10) | 218,75 (124,00–747,00) | 0.080 | 195 (10) | 118,00 (60,50-298,25) | 49 (11) | 147,00 (66,00–272,00) | 0.40 | 244 (10) | 124,00 (63,25-294,63) | 51 (14) | 183,00 (114,50-750,00) | 0.19 |
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (10−3 IU/L) | 0.55–4.65 | 314 (15) | 1,24 (0,72-2,00) | 50 (14) | 0,96 (0,61-1,55) | 0.063 | 291 (15) | 1,13 (0,71-1,90) | 73 (16) | 1,31 (0,70-1,95) | 0.52 | 364 (15) | 1,15 (0,70-1,90) | 41 (11) | 1,10 (0,66-1,41) | 0.030 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 36.50–62.00 | 1269 (61) | 80,00 (64,00–104,00) | 220 (61) | 94,50 (77,00–121,44) | < 0.001 | 1141 (58) | 78,50 (63,67-99,00) | 348 (76) | 100,00 (75,88-142,58) | < 0.001 | 1489 (61) | 82,00 (65,50-108,50) | 224 (62) | 90,50 (68,33-120,71) | 0.0027 |
Glomerular filtration rate (estimated) (mL/min) | > 59.50 | 1492 (72) | 76,00 (54,00-90,00) | 273 (76) | 66,00 (51,50-85,00) | 0.0013 | 1373 (69) | 79,50 (59,50–90,00) | 392 (86) | 54,75 (35,46-73,13) | < 0.001 | 1765 (73) | 75,00 (53,50-89,00) | 282 (79) | 72,75 (52,63-89,19) | 0.41 |
Urea (mmol/L) | 2.60–7.50 | 1314 (63) | 6,10 (4,21-9,30) | 245 (68) | 7,80 (5,85–10,90) | < 0.001 | 1216 (62) | 5,70 (4,05-8,10) | 343 (75) | 9,80 (7,00–15,00) | < 0.001 | 1559 (64) | 6,30 (4,40-9,60) | 256 (71) | 7,14 (5,10–10,46) | 0.14 |
Transferrin (μg/L) | 25.00–43.00 | 75 (4) | 22,61 (18,84-27,64) | < 5 | 68 (3) | 22,61 (18,84-27,64) | 11 (2) | 22,00 (17,00–26,88) | 0.47 | 79 (3) | 22,61 (18,84-27,51) | 11 (3) | 16,96 (13,76-18,84) | < 0.001 | ||
Coagulation | ||||||||||||||||
D-dimer (U/L) | < 0.65 | 485 (23) | 0,84 (0,47-1,80) | 105 (29) | 1,30 (0,82-2,00) | 0.16 | 480 (24) | 0,84 (0,49-1,60) | 110 (24) | 1,59 (0,82-3,58) | 0.014 | 590 (24) | 0,90 (0,51-1,87) | 149 (42) | 1,68 (1,08-3,81) | < 0.001 |
International normalized ratio (INR) | 0.80–1.20 | 1389 (67) | 1,05 (1,00-1,10) | 253 (70) | 1,05 (1,00-1,13) | 0.88 | 1284 (65) | 1,04 (1,00-1,10) | 358 (79) | 1,10 (1,00-1,20) | 0.0054 | 1642 (68) | 1,05 (1,00-1,10) | 266 (74) | 1,10 (1,00-1,17) | 0.21 |
Coagulation. tissue factor-induced | 0.65–1.30 | 397 (19) | 0,95 (0,82-1,12) | 75 (21) | 0,98 (0,85-1,10) | 0.34 | 367 (19) | 0,96 (0,82-1,11) | 105 (23) | 0,92 (0,82-1,11) | 0.82 | 472 (19) | 0,95 (0,82-1,11) | 84 (23) | 0,92 (0,78-1,02) | 0.051 |
Partial thromboplastin time (s) | 25.00–38.00 | 197 (10) | 29,00 (24,50-37,00) | 44 (12) | 32,50 (26,50-35,63) | 0.83 | 189 (10) | 31,00 (24,00–36,00) | 52 (11) | 30,50 (26,75-38,00) | 0.78 | 241 (10) | 31,00 (24,50-37,00) | 54 (15) | 34,00 (27,00–38,75) | 0.12 |
Fibrinogen (μmol/L) | 5.40–10.90 | 93 (4) | 13,50 (11,45-16,90) | 16 (4) | 19,50 (15,02-21,93) | 0.0041 | 90 (5) | 14,20 (12,10–19,09) | 19 (4) | 13,00 (10,10–15,20) | 0.038 | 109 (4) | 14,10 (11,90-18,50) | 41 (11) | 18,60 (13,00–20,80) | 0.027 |
Fluid and electrolyte balance | ||||||||||||||||
Sodium (mmol/L) | 136–145 | 1493 (72) | 137,50 (135,00–140,00) | 272 (76) | 137,00 (134,00–139,00) | 0.010 | 1379 (70) | 137,33 (135,00–139,33) | 386 (85) | 138,92 (135,00–142,00) | < 0.001 | 1765 (73) | 137,50 (135,00–140,00) | 275 (77) | 138,77 (135,73-141,67) | < 0.001 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 3.35–5.10 | 1488 (72) | 3,80 (3,50-4,07) | 272 (76) | 3,81 (3,45-4,14) | 0.22 | 1376 (70) | 3,75 (3,50-4,03) | 384 (84) | 3,92 (3,55-4,28) | < 0.001 | 1760 (72) | 3,80 (3,50-4,07) | 274 (76) | 3,83 (3,60-4,10) | 0.023 |
Calcium ion (mmol/L) | 1.18–1.37 | 721 (35) | 1,18 (1,14-1,22) | 145 (40) | 1,15 (1,11-1,18) | < 0.001 | 649 (33) | 1,18 (1,14-1,21) | 217 (48) | 1,17 (1,12-1,21) | 0.21 | 866 (36) | 1,17 (1,14-1,21) | 159 (44) | 1,14 (1,10-1,18) | < 0.001 |
Metabolism | ||||||||||||||||
Glucose (mmol/L) | 2.90–7.80 | 1193 (58) | 6,70 (5,90-7,95) | 212 (59) | 7,50 (6,50-9,74) | < 0.001 | 1094 (55) | 6,70 (5,98-7,90) | 311 (68) | 7,00 (6,10-8,94) | 0.0029 | 1405 (58) | 6,80 (6,00-8,20) | 166 (46) | 8,08 (6,73-10,74) | < 0.001 |
HbA1c (mmol/L) | 5.40–7.50 | 289 (14) | 6,55 (6,00-7,60) | 43 (12) | 6,90 (6,20-9,35) | 0.049 | 265 (13) | 6,60 (6,00-7,70) | 67 (15) | 6,50 (5,95-7,60) | 0.59 | 332 (14) | 6,60 (6,00-7,70) | 33 (9) | 7,10 (6,40-7,60) | 0.10 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 0.49–2.30 | 178 (9) | 1,21 (0,96-1,80) | 31 (9) | 1,52 (1,20-1,89) | 0.22 | 163 (8) | 1,25 (0,96-1,80) | 46 (10) | 1,28 (1,00-1,80) | 0.39 | 209 (9) | 1,26 (0,97-1,80) | 61 (17) | 1,82 (1,41-2,10) | < 0.001 |
Albumin (g/L) | 35–47 | 1447 (70) | 31,00 (27,50-35,00) | 264 (74) | 29,17 (25,67-33,00) | < 0.001 | 1336 (68) | 31,00 (27,67-35,00) | 375 (82) | 83,50 (44,88-149,00) | < 0.001 | 1711 (70) | 31,00 (27,00–34,50) | 269 (75) | 25,00 (21,67-29,00) | < 0.001 |