Fig. 1

Overall resistance rates of pathogens causing surgical site infections (SSIs) by clinical characteristics in 4 MNGHA hospitals in Saudi Arabia (2007–2016). Note: Gram positive resistance includes MRSA or VRE. Gram-negative resistance include CephR Klebsiella, CRE, MDR Acinetobacter, MDR Pseudomonas, MDR Klebsiella, or MDR E-coli, as shown in Table 3. * indicate significant differences