Table 1 Patient characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes
Total n = 20 | Adults n = 16 | Children n = 4 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Males, n (%) | 11 (55) | 9 (56.3) | 2 (50) | 1.000 |
Age (years) | 29.5 (20.3–40) | 32 (23.3–41.5) | 13.5 (5.5–16.5) | < 0.001 |
Risk factors | 11 (55) | 11 (68.8) | 0 (0) | 0.026 |
Obesity | 7 (35) | 7 (43.8) | ||
Asthma | 5 (25) | 5 (31.3) | ||
Arterial hypertension | 2 (10) | 2 (12.5) | ||
Diabetes | 1 (5) | 1 (6.3) | ||
Days of symptoms until admission | 9.5 (7–11.8) | 10.5 (8–12) | 4 (2.3–6.5) | 0.002 |
Reason for admission, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Respiratory problems | 16 (80) | 16 (100) | 0 (0) | |
Haemodynamic problems | 4 (20) | 0 (0) | 4 (100) | |
PRISM III | 6 (2.8–10) | 6 (2.8–9.5) | 8.5 (1.3–15.8) | 0.567 |
Respiratory support | ||||
Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 15 (75) | 13 (81.3) | 2 (50) | 0.249 |
- Maximum PEEP (cmH2O) | 12 (10–14) | 13 (10.5–14.5) | 6 (6–8) | 0.014 |
- FiO2 (%) | 50 (40–60) | 50 (40–60) | 35 (26.3–43.7) | 0.032 |
- Prone position, n (%) | 10 (66.7) | 10 (76.9) | 0 (0) | 0.036 |
- Recruitment manoeuvres, n (%) | 5 (33.3) | 5 (38.5) | 0 (0) | 0.509 |
- Length of MV (days) | 10 (4–12) | 11 (8–12) | 3.5 (3–4) | 0.074 |
Non-invasive ventilation, n (%) | 7 (35) | 5 (31.3) | 2 (50) | 0.587 |
- CPAP, n (%) | 1 (14.3) | 1 (20) | 0 (0) | 0.495 |
- BiPAP, n (%) | 6 (85.7) | 4 (80) | 2 (100) | 0.495 |
- Length of NIV (days) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (1.5–3.5) | 2 (2–3) | 0.669 |
Haemodynamic support | ||||
Inotropic treatment, n (%) | 10 (50) | 6 (37.5) | 4 (100) | 0.087 |
Inotropic due to shock, n (%) | 4 (20) | 0 (0) | 4 (100) | 0.005 |
Inotropic support length (days) | 2 (1–4) | 1.5 (1–2) | 3 (2–4.7) | 0.094 |
Maximum VIS | 10 (5–26.3) | 5 (5–10) | 27.5 (17.5–30) | 0.008 |
Antithrombotic prophylaxis | ||||
Heparin treatment, n (%) | 19 (95) | 16 (100) | 3 (75) | 0.200 |
High doses, n (%) | 7 (36.8) | 6 (37.5) | 1 (33.3) | 1.000 |
Specific treatment | ||||
Azithromycin, n (%) | 17 (85) | 14 (87.5) | 3 (75) | 0.509 |
Hydroxychloroquine, n (%) | 18 (20) | 16 (100) | 2 (50) | 0.032 |
Corticosteroids, n (%) | 11 (55) | 7 (43.8) | 4 (100) | 0.094 |
Tocilizumab, n (%) | 10 (50) | 9 (56.3) | 1 (25) | 0.582 |
Interferon, n (%) | 5 (25) | 5 (31.3) | 0 (0) | 0.530 |
Antibiotic treatment | ||||
Antibiotic requirement, n (%) | 17 (85) | 13 (81.3) | 4 (100) | 1.000 |
Length of antibiotic treatment (days) | 7 (6.5–8.5) | 7 (7–9) | 6.5 (5.3–7) | 0.135 |
Outcomes | ||||
Length of stay in paediatric ICU (days) | 10 (5–16.3) | 12 (5.7–17) | 6 (4.3–7) | 0.064 |
Length of stay in hospital (days) | 18 (12.5–29.3) | 21 (13.7–29.8) | 12 (11–13) | 0.170 |
Pulmonary thromboembolism, n (%) | 1 (5) | 1 (6.3) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
Need for ECMO, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Mortality, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |