Table 2 Clinical course and case management among fatal measles cases and non-fatal measles controls — Romania, 2016–2018
Variable | Cases (n = 50)n (%) | Controls (n = 250)n (%) | p valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
Clinical course & case management | |||
Days to hospitalization after rash onset | |||
0 day | 18 (36.0) | 80 (32.0) | REF |
1 day | 7 (14.0) | 66 (26.4) | 0.116 |
> 1 day | 16 (32.0) | 60 (24.0) | 0.452 |
Type of hospital admitted | |||
District, Local and Clinical hospitals | 9 (18.0) | 80 (32.0) | REF |
Emergency hospital | 8 (16.0) | 25 (10.0) | 0.015 |
Specialty hospital | 24 (48.0) | 101 (40.4) | 0.016 |
Treatment received (yes/no) | |||
Vitamin A (any) | 5 (10.0) | 10 (4.0) | 0.076 |
Antibiotics (any) | 47 (94.0) | 225 (90.0) | 0.997 |
Respiratory complications (yes/no) | |||
Bronchitis | 18 (36.0) | 23 (9.2) | 0.000 |
Laryngitis | 3 (6.0) | 27 (10.8) | 0.289 |
Pneumonia | 45 (90.0) | 180 (72.0) | 0.002 |
Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 27 (54.0) | 16 (6.4) | 0.000 |
Influenza | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.997 |
Chest radiograph findings (yes/no) | |||
Bilateral consolidation | 13 (26.0) | 4 (1.6) | 0.000 |
Interstitial pattern | 14 (28.0) | 75 (30.0) | 0.899 |
None performed | 18 (36.0) | 124 (49.6) | 0.093 |
Neurologic complications (yes/no) | |||
Encephalitis | 3 (6.0) | 3 (1.2) | 0.051 |
Meningitis | 2 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.998 |
Seizure | 4 (8.0) | 4 (1.6) | 0.028 |
Other complications (yes/no) | |||
Diarrhea | 4 (8.0) | 61 (24.4) | 0.009 |