Table 3 Clinical care and outcomes among participants with influenza-like illness in Macha, Zambia

Pneumonia diagnosis at presentation (n,%)

33 (6%)

7 (8%)

1.44 (0.66–3.16)

1.57 (0.71–3.45)

40 (6%)

0 (0%)

N/A

N/A

29 (5%)

11 (14%)

2.97 (1.55–5.70)

3.21 (1.59–6.48)

RTI diagnosis at presentation (n,%)

412 (70%)

65 (76%)

1.07 (0.94–1.22)

1.05 (0.92–3.45)

446 (70%)

31 (86%)

1.23 (1.07–1.41)

1.20 (1.03–1.39)

417 (70%)

60 (79%)

1.13

(0.99–1.28)

1.11

(0.98–1.26)

Sepsis diagnosis at presentation (n,%)

14 (2%)

7 (8%)

3.40 (1.41–8.19)

3.50 (1.42–8.62)

20 (3%)

1 (3%)

0.88 (0.12–6.39)

0.73 (0.10–5.34)

18 (3%)

3 (4%)

1.30 (0.39–4.33)

1.06 (0.32–3.56)

Received antibiotics (n,%)

427 (73%)

73 (85%)

1.16 (1.05–1.29)

1.12 (1.02–1.25)

470 (74%)

30 (83%)

1.13 (0.97–1.31)

1.07 (0.92–1.25)

431 (72%)

69 (91%)

1.25 (1.15–1.37)

1.20 (1.10–1.31)

Severe clinical illness (n,%)^a

133 (32%)

32 (38%)

1.18 (0.95–1.46)

1.18 (0.97–1.43)

160 (34%)

5 (14%)

0.42 (0.21–0.82)

0.56 (0.29–1.11)

132 (29%)

33 (65%)

1.82 (1.53–2.18)

1.78 (1.51–2.11)

Inpatient admission (n,%)^b

85 (17%)

23 (27%)

1.47 (1.13–1.91)

1.42 (1.12–1.79)

106 (19%)

2 (6%)

0.34 (0.13–0.86)

0.58 (0.23–1.50)

91 (17%)

17 (27%)

1.45 (1.09–1.94)

1.53 (1.20–1.95)

Oxygen saturation ≤ 92% (n,%)^c

68 (15%)

13 (16%)

1.05 (0.61–1.80)

1.01 (0.58–1.75)

77 (15%)

4 (11%)

0.75 (0.29–1.92)

0.71 (0.27–1.83)

63 (13%)

18 (38%)

2.91 (1.89–4.48)

2.62 (1.68–4.06)

Died (n,%)^d

10 (2%)

0 (0%)

N/A

N/A

10 (2%)

0 (0%)

N/A

N/A

10 (2%)

0 (0%)

N/A

N/A