Table 1 Characteristics of 61 patients with orthopedic implant infection due to S. agalactiae
Patients’ characteristics | n = 61 |
|---|---|
Sex M/F [n (%)] | 22 (36) / 39 (64) |
Age (years) [med (IQR)] out of 61 patients | 67 (16) |
ASA score [med (IQR)] out of 50 patients | 2 (1) |
BMI kg/m² [mean (SD)] out of 52 patients | 32 (8) |
Underlying disease | |
Diabetes mellitus [n (%)] | 21/59 (36) |
Cirrhosis [n (%)] | 1/59 (2) |
Cancer [n (%)] | 7/59 (12) |
Chronic renal failure [n (%)] | 6/59 (10) |
GFR < 30 mL/min [n (%)] | 4/37 (11) |
Immunosuppressant therapy [n (%)] | 8/57 (14) |
Chronic cardiac disease [n (%)] | 9/47 (19) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [n (%)] | 2/47 (4) |
Inflammatory rheumatism [n (%)] | 3/59 (5) |
Alcohol abuse | 3/43 (7) |
Hypertension | 21/43 (49) |
Obesity a | 26/52 (50) |
Microbiological characteristics | |
S. agalactiaemono-infection [n (%)] | 39/59 (66) |
Polymicrobial infection [n (%)] | 20/59 (34) |
Staphylococcus aureus [n (%)] out of 20 polymicrobial infections | 11 (55) |
Staphylococcus epidermidis [n (%)] out of 20 polymicrobial infections | 7 (35) |
Enterococcus spp. [n (%)] out of 20 polymicrobial infections | 2 (10) |
Cutibacterium acnes [n (%)] out of 20 polymicrobial infections | 1 (5) |
Gram negative bacilli [n (%)] out of 20 polymicrobial infections | 6 (30) |
Clinical manifestation | |
Fever [n (%)] | 29/51 (57) |
Local inflammation [n (%)] | 35/43 (81) |
Fistula [n (%)] | 15/55 (27) |
Inflammatory biomarkers | |
Leukocytes (G/L) [med (IQR)] out of 37 patients | 8 (10) |
Polymorphonuclear (G/L) [med (IQR)] out of 13 patients | 4 (2) |
CRP (mg/L) [med (IQR)] out of 33 patients | 133 (186) |
Radiological evidence | |
Osteolysis [n (%)] | 3/21 (14) |
Implant loosening [n (%)] | 3/20 (15) |
Luxation [n (%)] | 0/20 (0) |
Per-operative purulent exudate | 20/34 (59) |
Prosthetic device | |
Prosthesis [n (%)] | 47/61 (77) |
Hip arthroplasty [n (%)] | 27/61 (44) |
Knee arthroplasty [n (%)] | 23/61 (38) |
Ankle arthroplasty [n (%)] | 1/61 2(2) |
Osteosynthesis [n (%)] Internal fixation device (medullary nailing device) [n (%)] | 9/61 (15) 3/61 (5) |
Arthrodesis [n (%)] | 1/61 (2) |
Duration between implantation and infection (weeks) | |
≤ 3 months (early infection) [n (%)] | 4/52 (8) |
> 3 months [n (%)] ≤ 2 years (delayed infection) [n (%)] > 2 years (late infection) [n (%)] | 48/52 (92) 23/52 (44) 25/52 (48) |