The impact of preoperative biliary drainage on postoperative healthcare-associated infections and clinical outcomes following pancreaticoduodenectomy: a ten-year retrospective analysis

Table 2 Crude and adjusted analyses assessing the impact of PBD on postoperative HAIs

Variables	Infection	Non-infection	Crude analysis		Adjusted analysis
Variables	(n = 247)	(n = 2595)	RR, 95% CI	P value	aRR, 95% CI	P value
PBD
No	159(8.1)	1806(91.9)	ref.		ref.
Yes	88(10.0)	789(90.0)	1.267(0.964,1.665)	0.09	1.112(0.828,1.493)	0.48
Type of PBD
Non-PBD	159(8.1)	1806(91.9)	ref.		ref.
PTBD	68(10.2)	599(89.8)	1.289(0.957,1.738)	0.095	1.144(0.830,1.576)	0.412
EBS	11(8.0)	127(92.0)	0.984(0.520,1.860)	0.96	0.836(0.436,1.602)	0.588
ENBD	9(12.5)	63(87.5)	1.623(0.792,3.324)	0.186	1.402(0.674,2.913)	0.366
Interval between PBD and PD
Non-PBD	159(8.1)	1806(91.9)	ref.		ref.
≤1 week	20(12.0)	146(88.0)	1.556(0.949,2.552)	0.08	1.373(0.824,2.286)	0.224
1–4 week	40(9.2)	395(90.8)	1.150(0.800,1.654)	0.45	0.985(0.672,1.443)	0.937
≥4 week	28(10.1)	248(89.9)	1.282(0.840,1.958)	0.249	1.162(0.748,1.806)	0.504

PBD preoperative biliary drainage, HAIs healthcare-associated infections, PTBD percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, EBS endoscopic biliary stenting, ENBD endoscopic nasobiliary drainage, RR risk ratios, RR risk ratios, aRR adjusted risk ratios, 95% CI 95% confidence interval

ISSN: 1471-2334