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  1. Acinetobacter baumannii is responsible for large epidemics in hospitals, where it can persist for long time on abiotic surfaces. This study investigated some virulence-related traits of epidemic A. baumannii str...

    Authors: Maria Giannouli, Luísa CS Antunes, Veronica Marchetti, Maria Triassi, Paolo Visca and Raffaele Zarrilli
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:282
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Leprosy is a contagious and chronic systemic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. In the pathogenesis of leprosy, granulomas play a key role, however, the mechanisms of the formation and maintena...

    Authors: Hongsheng Wang, Yumi Maeda, Yasuo Fukutomi and Masahiko Makino
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:279
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Traditional inflammatory markers are generally unhelpful in discerning septic arthritis from inflammatory joint disease due to their lack of specificity. We wished to explore the discriminatory power of the no...

    Authors: Oddvar Oppegaard, Brita Skodvin, Anne-Kristine Halse and Nina Langeland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:278
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. This study assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) testing and counseling services and the predictor characteristics of these outcomes among individuals who pres...

    Authors: Gabriella Di Giuseppe, Alessandra Sessa, Silvana Mollo, Natascia Corbisiero and Italo F Angelillo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:277
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The role of the surface capsular polysaccharides (CPs) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in the pathogenesis of infection and disease, as well their potential for use as diagnostic reagents and vaccine antigens...

    Authors: Wendy A Keitel, ZhongDong Dai, Robert W Awe, Robert L Atmar, Sheldon Morris, Rachel Schneerson and John B Robbins
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:276
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. It is estimated that Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) ranks fifth among the seven countries most affected by TB in the WHO Western Pacific Region. However, because of late implementation of mycobacte...

    Authors: Vibol Iem, Silaphet Somphavong, Yves Buisson, Nicolas Steenkeste, Franck Breysse, Monique Chomarat, Phannasinh Sylavanh, Phouratsamy Nanthavong, Alain Rajoharison, Jean-Luc Berland and Phimpha Paboriboune
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:275
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major cause of death in people with AIDS. Factors contributing to atherosclerosis include traditional risk factors, antiretrovirals and inflammatory factors related to HIV i...

    Authors: Valéria Maria Gonçalves Albuquerque, Josefina Claudia Zírpoli, Demócrito de Barros Miranda-Filho, Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão Albuquerque, Ulisses Ramos Montarroyos, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes and Heloísa Ramos Lacerda
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:274
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. This study was performed to compare the clinical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibilities of viridans streptococcal bacteremia (VSB) between febrile neutropenic adults and children with hematologic mali...

    Authors: Seung Beom Han, E Young Bae, Jae Wook Lee, Dong-Gun Lee, Nack-Gyun Chung, Dae-Chul Jeong, Bin Cho, Jin Han Kang and Hack-Ki Kim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:273
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Procalcitonin (PCT) is widely used in critically ill patients to diagnose clinically significant infection and sepsis. Aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of PCT in comparison to white blood...

    Authors: Christian G Cornelissen, Dirk A Frechen, Karin Schreiner, Nikolaus Marx and Stefan Krüger
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:272
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The female genital tract is an important bacterial habitat of the human body, and vaginal microbiota plays a crucial role in vaginal health. The alteration of vaginal microbiota affects millions of women annua...

    Authors: Weijiao Gao, Jinlong Weng, Yunong Gao and Xiaochi Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:271
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Abdominal tuberculosis continues to be a major public health problem worldwide and poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to general surgeons practicing in resource-limited countries. This study was condu...

    Authors: Phillipo L Chalya, Mabula D Mchembe, Stephen E Mshana, Peter F Rambau, Hyasinta Jaka and Joseph B Mabula
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:270
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Rates of cardiovascular disease are higher among HIV-infected patients as a result of the complex interplay between traditional risk factors, HIV-related inflammatory and immunologic changes, and effects of an...

    Authors: Princy Kumar, Edwin DeJesus, Gregory Huhn, Louis Sloan, Catherine Butkus Small, Howard Edelstein, Franco Felizarta, Ritche Hao, Lisa Ross, Britt Stancil, Keith Pappa and Belinda Ha
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:269
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represents an important pathogen in healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). The concept of HCAP, though, may not perform well as a screening test for MRSA and ca...

    Authors: Andrew F Shorr, Daniela E Myers, David B Huang, Brian H Nathanson, Matthew F Emons and Marin H Kollef
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:268
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. In the fields of traumatology and orthopaedics staphylococci are the most frequently isolated pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are known to be the major causative agents of osteomye...

    Authors: Carolin A Kreis, Michael J Raschke, Steffen B Roßlenbroich, Nancy Tholema-Hans, Bettina Löffler and Thomas Fuchs
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:267
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Chronic osteomyelitis due to direct bone trauma or vascular insufficiency is a frequent problem in orthopaedic surgery. In contrast, acute haematogenous osteomyelitis represents a rare entity that almost exclu...

    Authors: Peter M Prodinger, Hakan Pilge, Ingo J Banke, Dominik Bürklein, Reiner Gradinger, Thomas Miethke and Boris M Holzapfel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:266
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  16. M. tuberculosis remains one of the world’s deadliest pathogens in part because of its ability to establish persistent, latent infections, which can later reactivate to cause disease. In regions of the globe wher...

    Authors: Liya Wassie, Abraham Aseffa, Markos Abebe, Michael Z Gebeyehu, Martha Zewdie, Adane Mihret, Girum Erenso, Menberwork Chanyalew, Hiwot Tilahun, Lawrence K Yamuah, Peter Andersen and Mark T Doherty
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:265
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Fusobacterium species (spp.) bacteremia is uncommon and has been associated with a variety of clinical presentations. We conducted a retrospective, population based study to determine the relative proportion o...

    Authors: Kevin Afra, Kevin Laupland, Jenine Leal, Tracie Lloyd and Daniel Gregson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:264
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. HIV-1-related inflammation is associated with increased levels of biomarkers of vascular adhesion and endothelial activation, and may increase production of the inflammatory protein angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2), an ...

    Authors: Susan M Graham, Nimerta Rajwans, Kenneth A Tapia, Walter Jaoko, Benson BA Estambale, R Scott McClelland, Julie Overbaugh and W Conrad Liles
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:263
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. High prevalence of risky sexual behaviors and lack of information, skills and preventive support mean that, adolescents face high risks of HIV/AIDS. This study applied the information-motivation-behavioral ski...

    Authors: Yong Cai, Xiuxia Ye, Rong Shi, Gang Xu, Lixiao Shen, Jia Ren and Hong Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:262
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. HIV infection, anti-tuberculosis and efavirenz therapy are associated with neuropsychological effects. We evaluated the influence of rifampicin cotreatment, efavirenz pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics on n...

    Authors: Jackson K Mukonzo, Alphonse Okwera, Neoline Nakasujja, Henry Luzze, Deogratious Sebuwufu, Jasper Ogwal-Okeng, Paul Waako, Lars L Gustafsson and Eleni Aklillu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:261
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Diagnosis of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is routinely conducted by clinical laboratories, especially to diagnose infectious mononucleosis. At an estimated general population incidence of 1:200, this rep...

    Authors: Christina Kreuzer, Klaus Udo Nabeck, H Roma Levy and Elisabeth Daghofer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:260
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Day care center attendance has been recognized as a risk factor for acquiring gastrointestinal and respiratory infections, which can be prevented with adequate hand hygiene (HH). Based on previous studies on e...

    Authors: Tizza P Zomer, Vicki Erasmus, Nico Vlaar, Ed F van Beeck, Aimée Tjon-A-Tsien, Jan Hendrik Richardus and Hélène ACM Voeten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:259
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  23. Livestock-Associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) belonging to ST398 lineage, common among pigs and other animals, emerged in Central and Northern Europe, becoming a new risk factor for MRSA among farm workers. Strains belo...

    Authors: Monica Monaco, Palmino Pedroni, Andrea Sanchini, Annalisa Bonomini, Annamaria Indelicato and Annalisa Pantosti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:258
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. With concerns about the disastrous health and economic consequences caused by the influenza pandemic, comprehensively understanding the global host response to influenza virus infection is urgent. The role of ...

    Authors: Hao Song, Qi Wang, Yang Guo, Shunai Liu, Rui Song, Xuesong Gao, Li Dai, Baoshun Li, Deli Zhang and Jun Cheng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:257
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Although some studies show higher antiretroviral concentrations in women compared to men, data are limited. We conducted a cross-sectional study of HIV-positive women to determine if protease inhibitor (PI) an...

    Authors: Mona Rafik Loutfy, Sharon Lynn Walmsley, Marina Barbara Klein, Janet Raboud, Alice Lin-in Tseng, Sandra Lauren Blitz, Neora Pick, Brian Conway, Jonathan Benjamin Angel, Anita Rochelle Rachlis, Kevin Gough, Jeff Cohen, David Haase, David Burdge, Fiona Mary Smaill, Alexandra de Pokomandy…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:256
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. This study was conducted to identify a desirable target DNA sequence for the diagnosis of aspergil...

    Authors: Yan Li, Li Gao, Yi Ding, Yuanyuan Xu, Minhang Zhou, Wenrong Huang, Yu Jing, Honghua Li, Lili Wang and Li Yu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:255
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Maternal dengue antibodies are considered to play a significant role in dengue pathogenesis among infants. Determining the transplacental specific antibody transfer is invaluable for establishing the optimal v...

    Authors: Angela FLT Argolo, Valéria CR Féres, Lucimeire A Silveira, Anna Carolina M Oliveira, Luiz A Pereira, João Bosco Siqueira Júnior, Cynthia Braga and Celina MT Martelli
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:254
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The yeast Candida is one of the most frequent pathogens isolated from bloodstream infections and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Problems with clinical and microbiological diagnosis of inv...

    Authors: Fang-qiu Li, Chun-fang Ma, Li-ning Shi, Jing-fen Lu, Ying Wang, Mei Huang and Qian-qian Kong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:253
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are commonly occurring infections with wide-ranging clinical manifestations, from mild to life-threatening. There are few population-based studies of SSTIs in the period...

    Authors: Gary Thomas Ray, Jose Antonio Suaya and Roger Baxter
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:252
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. 16S rRNA methylase-producing Gram-negative bacteria are highly resistant to all clinically important aminoglycosides. We analyzed clinical strains of 16S rRNA methylase-producing Acinetobactor baumannii and Pseud...

    Authors: Tatsuya Tada, Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama, Yasuyuki Kato, Norio Ohmagari, Nozomi Takeshita, Nguyen Viet Hung, Doan Mai Phuong, Truong Anh Thu, Nguyen Gia Binh, Nguyen Quoc Anh, Tran Thi Thanh Nga, Pham Hong Truong, Phan Thi Xuan, Le Thi Anh Thu, Nguyen Truong Son and Teruo Kirikae
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:251
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Disease progression in the absence of therapy varies significantly in HIV-1 infected individuals. Both viral and host cellular molecules are implicated; however, the exact role of these factors and/or the mech...

    Authors: Karolina Duskova, Pruthvi Nagilla, Hai-Son Le, Priyadarshini Iyer, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Jeremy Martinson, Ziv Bar-Joseph, William Buchanan, Charles Rinaldo and Velpandi Ayyavoo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:250
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Hand hygiene compliance is generally assessed by observation of adherence to the “WHO five moments” using numbers of opportunities as the denominator. The quality of the activity is usually not monitored since...

    Authors: László Szilágyi, Tamás Haidegger, Ákos Lehotsky, Melinda Nagy, Erik-Artur Csonka, Xiuying Sun, Kooi Li Ooi and Dale Fisher
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:249
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in 88 countries, in areas of relatively low incidence with a relevant proportion of immune suppressed patients clinical presentation, diagnosis and management may present...

    Authors: Giovanni Cenderello, Ambra Pasa, Andrea Dusi, Chiara Dentone, Federica Toscanini, Nicoletta Bobbio, Elisabetta Bondi, Valerio Del Bono, Manuela Izzo, Giovanni Riccio, Marco Anselmo, Raffaella Giacchino, Maria Grazia Marazzi, Gabriella Pagano, Giovanni Cassola, Claudio Viscoli…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:248
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. The incidence of fungaemia has been increasing worldwide. It is important to distinguish non-Candida fungaemia from candidaemia because of their different antifungal susceptibilities. The aims of this study were ...

    Authors: Masaki Yamamoto, Shunji Takakura, Gou Hotta, Yasufumi Matsumura, Aki Matsushima, Miki Nagao, Yutaka Ito and Satoshi Ichiyama
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:247
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Since 2000, reported syphilis cases increased ten-fold in Canada, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM) co-infected with HIV. We characterized temporal patterns of of syphilis testing in a large c...

    Authors: Ann N Burchell, Vanessa G Allen, Veronika Moravan, Sandra Gardner, Janet Raboud, Darrell HS Tan, Ahmed M Bayoumi, Rupert Kaul, Tony Mazzulli, Frank McGee, Peggy Millson, Robert S Remis and Sean B Rourke
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:246
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Fluoroquinolones are used with increasing frequency in children with a major risk of increasing the emergence of FQ resistance. FQ use has expanded off-label for primary antibacterial prophylaxis or treatment ...

    Authors: Zhi-Tao Yang, Jean-Ralph Zahar, Fréderic Méchaï, Martine Postaire, Stéphane Blanot, Sarah Balfagon-Viel, Xavier Nassif and Olivier Lortholary
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:245
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia (APFP) has been reported to be highly prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa, a region heavily burdened by malaria, yet, the impact of APFP on the immunological reference v...

    Authors: Eduardo Samo Gudo, António Prista and Ilesh V Jani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:244
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. The distribution of and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections are poorly defined in high risk vulnerable populations such as urban slums in tropical sub-Saharan Africa.

    Authors: Cecilia Kathure Mbae, David James Nokes, Erastus Mulinge, Joyce Nyambura, Anthony Waruru and Samuel Kariuki
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:243
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common pathogen in medical device-associated infections and have an ability to form adherent slime. We aimed to study the effects of icaA and icaD genes on the slime formation of

    Authors: Shusheng Zhou, Xiaoguang Chao, Mingming Fei, Yuanyuan Dai and Bao Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:242
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing mycobacterium responsible for progressive pulmonary disease, soft tissue and wound infections. The incidence of disease due to M. abscessus has been increasing in Que...

    Authors: Rachel Thomson, Carla Tolson, Hanna Sidjabat, Flavia Huygens and Megan Hargreaves
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:241
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The steady rise in the spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) requires rapid and reliable methods to identify resistant strains. The current mo...

    Authors: Danila V Zimenkov, Olga V Antonova, Alexey V Kuz’min, Yulia D Isaeva, Ludmila Y Krylova, Sergey A Popov, Alexander S Zasedatelev, Vladimir M Mikhailovich and Dmitry A Gryadunov
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:240
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Reinfections of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) are common. In a two-armed intervention study at an urban STI clinic in the Netherlands, heterosexual Ct-positive visitors received an invitation for retesting after 4–5...

    Authors: Hannelore M Götz, Mireille EG Wolfers, Ad Luijendijk and Ingrid VF van den Broek
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:239
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Although among women a decreasing prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with increasing age has been consistently observed in high-resource countries, different age profiles have been reported els...

    Authors: Iacopo Baussano, Silvia Franceschi, Anna Gillio-Tos, Francesca Carozzi, Massimo Confortini, Paolo Dalla Palma, Margherita De Lillo, Annarosa Del Mistro, Laura De Marco, Carlo Naldoni, Paola Pierotti, Patrizia Schincaglia, Nereo Segnan, Manuel Zorzi, Paolo Giorgi-Rossi and Guglielmo Ronco
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:238
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Malaria is a public health problem in Uganda; affecting mainly women and children. Effective treatment has been hampered by over-diagnosis and over-treatment with anti-malarial drugs among patients presenting ...

    Authors: Anthony K Mbonye, Josephine Birungi, Stephanie Yanow and Pascal Magnussen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:237
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Foodborne Yersinia enterocolitica infections continue to be a public health problem in many countries. Consumption of raw or undercooked pork is the main risk factor for yersiniosis in Germany. Small children are...

    Authors: Bettina M Rosner, Dirk Werber, Michael Höhle and Klaus Stark
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:236
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Influenza transmitted by health care workers (HCWs) is a potential threat to frail patients in acute health care settings. Therefore, immunizing HCWs against influenza should receive high priority. Despite rec...

    Authors: Josien Riphagen-Dalhuisen, Gerard Frijstein, Nannet van der Geest-Blankert, Marita Danhof-Pont, Herbert de Jager, Nita Bos, Ed Smeets, Marjan de Vries, Pieter Gallee and Eelko Hak
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:235
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with high morbidity and increased mortality but many patients avoid initiation of treatment or report challenges with treatment completion. The study object...

    Authors: Lauren Fusfeld, Jyoti Aggarwal, Carly Dougher, Montserrat Vera-Llonch, Stephen Bubb, Mrudula Donepudi and Thomas F Goss
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:234
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Adherence to antiretroviral treatment is critical for suppression of viral replication, reduced destruction of CD4 cells, prevention of viral resistance, promotion of immune reconstitution and slowed disease prog...

    Authors: Negassie Berhe, Desalegn Tegabu and Mekuriaw Alemayehu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:233
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. The Democratic Republic of Congo experiences regular measles outbreaks. From September 2010, the number of suspected measles cases increased, especially in Katanga province, where Medecins sans Frontieres supp...

    Authors: Lise Grout, Andrea Minetti, Northan Hurtado, Gwenola François, Florence Fermon, Anne Chatelain, Géza Harczi, Jean de Dieu Ilunga Ngoie, Alexandra N’Goran, Francisco J Luquero, Rebecca F Grais and Klaudia Porten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:232
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Soluble CD163 (sCD163) has been associated with arterial inflammation and non-calcified plaques in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals and has therefore been suggested as a predictive bioma...

    Authors: Andreas Knudsen, Holger Jon Møller, Terese L Katzenstein, Jan Gerstoft, Niels Obel, Gitte Kronborg, Thomas Benfield, Andreas Kjaer and Anne-Mette Lebech
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:230
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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