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  1. Meningococcal disease is infrequently found in Taiwan, a country with 23 million people. Between 1996 and 2002, 17 to 81 clinical cases of the disease were reported annually. Reported cases dramatically increa...

    Authors: Chien-Shun Chiou, Jui-Cheng Liao, Tsai-Ling Liao, Chun-Chin Li, Chen-Ying Chou, Hsiu-Li Chang, Shu-Man Yao and Yeong-Sheng Lee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:25
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. The frequency of ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections (BSI) is high in Brazilian hospitals, however little is known regarding what role, if any, resistance plays in the expected outcome in ...

    Authors: Alexandre R Marra, Sérgio B Wey, Adauto Castelo, Ana Cristina Gales, Ruy Guilherme R Cal, José R do Carmo Filho, Michael B Edmond and Carlos Alberto P Pereira
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:24
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) and Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) are medically significant infectious agents associated with various chronic human pathologies. Nevertheless, specific roles in disease progression or init...

    Authors: Frances Cirino, Wilmore C Webley, Corrie West, Nancy L Croteau, Chester Andrzejewski Jr and Elizabeth S Stuart
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:165

  4. Syndromic management of STIs has been advocated as simplified and cheap approach. Youth have been reported to be at increased risk of acquiring STIs which can facilitate HIV transmission. We have investigated ...

    Authors: Guerino Chalamilla, Judica Mbwana, Fred Mhalu, Eunice Mmari, Mtebe Majigo, Andrew Swai, Willy Urassa and Eric Sandstrom
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:22
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Infection represents a frequent complication among patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and mortality is high. In particular, the incidence of fungal infections, especially due to Candida spp., has been increa...

    Authors: Matteo Bassetti, Elda Righi, Alessandro Costa, Roberta Fasce, Maria Pia Molinari, Raffaella Rosso, Franco Bobbio Pallavicini and Claudio Viscoli
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:21
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. We have previously developed a test for the diagnosis and prognostic assessment of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) based on the detection of the SARS-coronavirus RNA in serum by real-time quantita...

    Authors: Rossa WK Chiu, Yongjie Jin, Grace TY Chung, Wing-bong Lui, Anthony TC Chan, Wilina Lim and YM Dennis Lo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:20
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  7. Thrombocytopenia is commonly observed in severe leptospirosis. However, previous studies on coagulation alterations during leptospirosis resulted in inconsistent conclusions. Some findings showed that the prom...

    Authors: Hong-Liang Yang, Xu-Cheng Jiang, Xiang-Yan Zhang, Wen-Jun LI, Bao-Yu HU, Guo-Ping Zhao and Xiao-Kui Guo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:19
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Early detection of cholera outbreaks is crucial for the implementation of the most appropriate control strategies.

    Authors: Xuan-Yi Wang, M Ansaruzzaman, Raul Vaz, Catarina Mondlane, Marcelino ES Lucas, Lorenz von Seidlein, Jacqueline L Deen, Sonia Ampuero, Mahesh Puri, Taesung Park, GB Nair, John D Clemens, Claire-Lise Chaignat, Minoarisoa Rajerison, Farida Nato and Jean-Michel Fournier
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:17
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The WHO recommends that adults with uncomplicated P. falciparum successfully treated with a blood schizonticide receive a single dose of primaquine (PQ) 45 mg as a gametocytocidal agent. An earlier pilot study...

    Authors: NJ Gogtay, KD Kamtekar, SS Dalvi, SS Mehta, AR Chogle, U Aigal and NA Kshirsagar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:16
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Acute infectious diseases are typically accompanied by non-specific symptoms including fever, malaise, irritability and somnolence that usually resolve on recovery. However, in some individuals these symptoms ...

    Authors: Suzanne D Vernon, Toni Whistler, Barbara Cameron, Ian B Hickie, William C Reeves and Andrew Lloyd
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Recent trends of pneumococcal colonization in the United States, following the introduction of conjugate vaccination, indicate that non-vaccine serotypes tend to replace vaccine serotypes. The eventual extent ...

    Authors: Simon Cauchemez, Laura Temime, Alain-Jacques Valleron, Emmanuelle Varon, Guy Thomas, Didier Guillemot and Pierre-Yves Boëlle
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The reproducibilty of dengue IgM and IgG ELISA was studied in serum and filter paper blood spots from Vietnamese febrile patients.

    Authors: Thanh Nga T Tran, Peter J de Vries, Lan Phuong Hoang, Giao T Phan, Hung Q Le, Binh Q Tran, Chi Mai T Vo, Nam V Nguyen, Piet A Kager, Nico Nagelkerke and Jan Groen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:13
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  14. We recently showed that beta-defensins have antimicrobial activity against nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and that interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) up-regulates the transcription of beta-defensin 2 ...

    Authors: Sung-Kyun Moon, Haa-Yung Lee, Huiqi Pan, Tamotsu Takeshita, Raekil Park, Kiweon Cha, Ali Andalibi and David J Lim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. A reliable prediction of the causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is not possible based on clinical features. Our aim was to test, whether the measurement of the expression of complement recep...

    Authors: Ulla Hohenthal, Jari Nuutila, Esa-Matti Lilius, Iina Laitinen, Jukka Nikoskelainen and Pirkko Kotilainen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:11
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The effects of HAART may differ between children and adults because children have a developing immune system, and the long-term immunological outcome in HIV-infected children on HAART is not well-known. A majo...

    Authors: Salvador Resino, Rosa Resino, Juan A Leon, José M Bellon, Pablo Martin-Fontelos, Jose T Ramos, Dolores Gurbindo-Gutierrez, Maria I de Jose, Luis Ciria and Maria A Muñoz-Fernandez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Abiotrophia and Granulicatella species, previously referred to as nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS), are significant causative agents of endocarditis and bacteraemia. In this study, we reviewed the clinic...

    Authors: Laurence Senn, José M Entenza, Gilbert Greub, Katia Jaton, Aline Wenger, Jacques Bille, Thierry Calandra and Guy Prod'hom
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Few published reports have evaluated the clinical features and outcome of serogroup W135 meningococcal disease. In Taiwan, W135 is the second most prevalent meningococcal disease serogroup.

    Authors: Jiun-Ling Wang, Ding-Ping Liu, Jer-Jea Yen, Chia-Jung Yu, Hsi-Chen Liu, Ching-Yuang Lin and Shan-Chwen Chang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Despite the increasing popularity of acupuncture, the importance of infection control is not adequately emphasized in Oriental medicine. In December 2001, an Oriental medical doctor in Seoul, South Korea, enco...

    Authors: Joon Young Song, Jang Wook Sohn, Hye Won Jeong, Hee Jin Cheong, Woo Joo Kim and Min Ja Kim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Epidemiological analyses indicate that the age distribution of natural cases of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) reflect age-related risk of infection, however, the underlying mechanisms remain...

    Authors: Suzanne G St Rose, Nora Hunter, Louise Matthews, James D Foster, Margo E Chase-Topping, Loeske EB Kruuk, Darren J Shaw, Susan M Rhind, Robert G Will and Mark EJ Woolhouse
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Recent reports document an increasing incidence of new Gram-negative pathogens such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Alcaligenes xylosoxidans isolated from patients with Cystic Fibrosis, along with an increase...

    Authors: Antonietta Lambiase, Valeria Raia, Mariassunta Del Pezzo, Angela Sepe, Vincenzo Carnovale and Fabio Rossano
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:4
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Data on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Saudi Arabia (SA) and other Islamic countries are limited. This study describes the results of a five-year surveillance for STIs in SA.

    Authors: Tariq A Madani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The incidence of tuberculous pericarditis has increased in Africa as a result of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. However, the effect of HIV co-infection on clinical features and prognosis in t...

    Authors: Bongani M Mayosi, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Mpiko Ntsekhe, Jimmy A Volmink, Freedom Gumedze, Gary Maartens, Akinyemi Aje, Baby M Thomas, Kandathil M Thomas, Abolade A Awotedu, Bongani Thembela, Phindile Mntla, Frans Maritz [Late], Kathleen Ngu Blackett, Duquesne C Nkouonlack, Vanessa C Burch…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:2
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Anemia is common in HIV infection and independently associated with disease progression and mortality. The pathophysiology of HIV-related anemia is not well understood especially in infancy.

    Authors: Melissa F Miller, Jean H Humphrey, Peter J Iliff, Lucie C Malaba, Nkosinathi V Mbuya and Rebecca J Stoltzfus
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Despite the high incidence of cervical cancer reported from India, large scale population based studies on the HPV prevalence and genotype distribution are very few from this region. In view of the clinical tr...

    Authors: A Pavani Sowjanya, Meenkashi Jain, Usha Rani Poli, S Padma, Manik Das, Keerti V Shah, BN Rao, Radha Rama Devi, Patti E Gravitt and Gayatri Ramakrishna
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:116
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Maternal schistosomiasis and filariasis have been shown to influence infant responses to neonatal bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunisation but the effects of maternal hookworm, and of de-worming in pregnancy...

    Authors: Alison M Elliott, Proscovia B Namujju, Patrice A Mawa, Maria A Quigley, Margaret Nampijja, Peter M Nkurunziza, John T Belisle, Moses Muwanga and James AG Whitworth
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:115
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The functional polymorphism -260 C>T in the LPS sensing TLR4 co-receptor CD14 gene enhances the transcriptional activity and results in a higher CD14 receptor density. Individuals carrying the T/T genotype also h...

    Authors: Sander Ouburg, Joke Spaargaren, Janneke E den Hartog, Jolande A Land, Johan SA Fennema, Jolein Pleijster, A Salvador Peña and Servaas A Morré
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:114
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Leishmaniasis remains a serious public health problem in several parts of the developing world. Effective prophylactic measurements are hampered by imprecise comprehension of different aspects of the disease, ...

    Authors: Arlene Caldas, Cecília Favali, Dorlene Aquino, Vera Vinhas, Johan van Weyenbergh, Cláudia Brodskyn, Jackson Costa, Manoel Barral-Netto and Aldina Barral
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:113
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) results in severe disease and a higher mortality. It also leads to an increased period of infectivity in the community. The objective of this study was to d...

    Authors: Solomon Yimer, Gunnar Bjune and Getu Alene
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:112
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The objective of this study was to establish 1) the performance of chest X-ray (CXR) in all suspects of tuberculosis (TB), as well as smear-negative TB suspects and 2) to compare the cost-effectiveness of the ...

    Authors: MRA van Cleeff, LE Kivihya-Ndugga, H Meme, JA Odhiambo and PR Klatser
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:111
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Septicaemia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among children in the developing world. This pattern has changed little in the past decade. Physical signs and symptoms, though useful in identifying po...

    Authors: Martin M Meremikwu, Chukwuemeka E Nwachukwu, Anne E Asuquo, Joseph U Okebe and Simon J Utsalo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:110
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, may cause culture-negative vascular graft infections. Very few cases of C. burnetii infection of a vascular graft have been reported. All were diagnosed by sero...

    Authors: Laurence Senn, Mario Franciolli, Didier Raoult, Alexandre Moulin, Ludwig Von Segesser, Thierry Calandra and Gilbert Greub
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:109
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  34. Biliary atresia (BA) is the most severe hepatic disorder in newborns and its etiopathogenesis remains unknown. Viral involvement has been proposed, including the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The aims of the s...

    Authors: Adriana MA De Tommaso, Paula D Andrade, Sandra CB Costa, Cecília AF Escanhoela and Gabriel Hessel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:108
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Rapidly growing mycobacteria is recognized as one of the causative agents of catheter-related infections, especially in immunocompromised hosts. To date, however, Mycobacterium senegalense, which was known as the...

    Authors: Won Sup Oh, Kwan Soo Ko, Jae-Hoon Song, Mi Young Lee, Seong Yeol Ryu, Sangtaek Heo, Ki Tae Kwon, Jang-Ho Lee, Kyong Ran Peck and Nam Yong Lee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:107
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  36. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). High global incidence of macrolide and penicillin resistance has been reported, whereas fluoroquinolone resistance is uncommon...

    Authors: Andrea Endimiani, Gioconda Brigante, Alessia A Bettaccini, Francesco Luzzaro, Paolo Grossi and Antonio Q Toniolo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:106
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  37. Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen causing female genital tract infection throughout the world. Reinfection with the same serovar, as well as multiple infections wit...

    Authors: Joseph M Lyons, Servaas A Morré, Lucy P Airo-Brown, A Salvador Peña and James I Ito
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:105
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Rabies virus preferentially involves brainstem, thalamus and spinal cord in human furious and paralytic rabies beginning in the early stage of illness. Nevertheless, rabies patient remains alert until the pre-...

    Authors: Sasiwimol Juntrakul, Preecha Ruangvejvorachai, Shanop Shuangshoti, Supaporn Wacharapluesadee and Thiravat Hemachudha
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:104
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Bacterial meningitis is a group of life threatening infections that mostly affect children and adolescents, and may be the cause of severe neurological sequelae. Cuba has implemented massive vaccination progra...

    Authors: Félix O Dickinson and Antonio E Pérez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:103
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The objective of this study was to review the effects of adjunctive corticosteroids on overall mortality and the need for mechanical ventilation in HIV-infected patients with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP)...

    Authors: Matthias Briel, Remy Boscacci, Hansjakob Furrer and Heiner C Bucher
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:101
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Candida species have various degrees of susceptibility to common antifungal drugs. The extent of resistance to amphotericin B and fluconazole of Candida glabrata isolates causing candidemia has been reported. Ac...

    Authors: Yun-Liang Yang, Shu-Ying Li, Hsiao-Hsu Cheng and Hsiu-Jung Lo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:99
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Central nervous system (CNS) exposure to HIV is a universal facet of systemic infection. Because of its proximity to and shared barriers with the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides a useful window into ...

    Authors: Serena S Spudich, Annelie C Nilsson, Nicole D Lollo, Teri J Liegler, Christos J Petropoulos, Steven G Deeks, Ellen E Paxinos and Richard W Price
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:98
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Aseptic meningitis is a relatively frequent childhood disease and virologic data suggest that enteroviruses are the commonest etiologic agents. We evaluated the epidemiologic characteristics of aseptic meningi...

    Authors: Kyung-Yil Lee, David Burgner, Hyung-Shin Lee, Ja-Hyun Hong, Mi-Hee Lee, Jin-Han Kang and Byung-Churl Lee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:97
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The Taiwan19F-14 Streptococcus pneumoniae clone and its variants are being found with increasing frequency in the Asia-Pacific region. A 5-year old child with S. pneumoniae meningitis caused by a high-level penic...

    Authors: Tsai-Ling Lauderdale, Wei Yang Lee, Ming Fang Cheng, I Fei Huang, Yu Chen Lin, Kai Sheng Hseih, I-Wen Huang and Christine C Chiou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:96
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Oxidative stress can be defined as an increase in oxidants and/or a decrease in antioxidant capacity. There is limited information about the oxidative status in subjects with hepatitis B virus infection. We ai...

    Authors: Cengiz Bolukbas, Fusun Filiz Bolukbas, Mehmet Horoz, Mehmet Aslan, Hakim Celik and Ozcan Erel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:95
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Some studies of nosocomial bloodstream infection (nBSI) have demonstrated a higher mortality for polymicrobial bacteremia when compared to monomicrobial nBSI. The purpose of this study was to compare differenc...

    Authors: Alexandre R Marra, Gonzalo ML Bearman, Richard P Wenzel and Michael B Edmond
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:94
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. We conducted a nationwide study in Denmark to identify clinical features and prognostic factors in patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae according to the focus of infection.

    Authors: Christian Østergaard, Helle Bossen Konradsen and Susanne Samuelsson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:93
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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